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By 2000-3000 C.E trading along the Indian ocean was established. At this point only short distance routes were established.
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Silk was one of most popular items to be exported.
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By 1000 CE The trade routes along the Indian ocean this new trading system led to the migration from Asia to the island of Madagascar. One of the first things that were traded were Timber and perfumes. Specifics of how the trading worked at this time are not known.
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The trading routes in the Indian Ocean were making traveling and delivering goods quicker and safer. However, religion was also a major export. Religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism spread from India to Southeast Asia. Islam was one of the latest religions to spread. Merchants would not spread Islam until much later (700s CE).
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The Classical Era of trading was from 1000- 300 B.C.E. There was trading along the Indian ocean before then but during this era more countries and Dynasty became involved. Towards the end of this era however, historians believe that long distance trading may have declined.
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Askum became important to this trading network because Aksum was located on the Red Sea near the Arabian Peninsula. Aksum controlled some African trade.
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the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean trade, and the Saharan trade were the main trading networks. The Silk Road being the oldest trading route. It was named the Silk road because of the demand for silk in China. Silk was the primary good that was traded along the route.
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Achaemenid Empire in Persia (550–330 BCE) started setting routes along the Indian Ocean for trading.
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Scylax of Caryanda traveled through the trading route from 510-515 BCE. He introduced people to the new religions. This encouraged explorers to host expeditions
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Buddhism was founded by Gautama Siddharta, “The Enlightened One”, who lived c. 565 to 485 BCE.
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Jainism was founded by Mahariva (“The Great Hero”, lived c. 540-468 BCE).
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Cinnamon introduced around 500 BCE.
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Persian Ruler, Darius I sent Roman and Greek sailor and merchants to trade gold, Wine, and OIive Oil.
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During the Peloponnesian War, a war that involved Athens and Sparta, The Athenian Plague broke out. This plague affected much of Europe, India, and China. Likely due to the increased trade routed This disease was easily spread and killed 1/3 of the total population.
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The Isthmus of Kra is a narrow strip of land that connects the Malay Peninsula to the continent of Asia. Now merchants/ traders were able to reach the rest of Southeast Asia by crossing the Isthmus of Kra. The previous journey, which was longer would require the them to travel around the entire Malay Peninsula.
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Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria in Egypt. Alexandria would become a major city for art and cultural interactions.
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By 324 BCE the Mauryan Empire in India started trading using the Indian Ocean.
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Berenike was an Egyptian port city located on the Red Sea that was a major center of international trade for many centuries. The city traded with India. During the Roman Empire goods were traded through Berenike to Alexandria and Rome.
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Berenike trades Bamboo with India for many centuries
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Pearls were exported to Rome and Alexandria
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By 202 BCE the Han Dynasty in China started trading goods through the Indian Ocean trading routes.
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The one-humped camel was introduced from southern Arabia to Africa.
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Lastly, the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean used the trading routes to import/export goods
