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Prince Henry is later known as “Henry the Navigator” was a prince and soldier. He also launched several of the first important voyages and started an oceanic school for navigation.
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chapter 19-20
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Yonglo expanded the empire and was considered the “second founder” of the Ming dynasty. He also reorganized the army and removed his siblings from power.
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He put in charge of large military force, the first eunuch to have been. He commanded the treasure fleet. The first three voyages reached Calicut.
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Donatello sculpted David in the years 1430-1440. This sculpture is imporant because it is the first unsupported work of art that was created during the Renaissance. This has a major influence on other artists' work and art in the future.
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It is not known exactly when Gutenberg invented the printing press, but it is said that it is sometime around 1439 or 1440. It is also said to have triggered a revolutiuon in book production, but for beginging development in science, art, and religion by books and texts. It was also significant because it is credited partically for the increase in literacy rates.
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The Hundred Years' War ended in 1453. It was significant because it developed nationalism.
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Constantinople fell to the Turks and was followed by siege. This was significant because the city then became known as Istanbul and the city was claimed for Islam. New rules and regulations were created for the conquered.
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During a storm, Dias’s fleet of ships were pushed to the southern tip of Africa, and as they sailed around the dip of Africa, they “sighted” what is now known as Cape Good Hope.
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The Treaty of Granada was signed by Boabdil, the sultan of Granada, and Ferdinand and Isabella. It ended the Granada War which had started in 1482.
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Sailed with the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. He missed the Indies and ended up by the Bahamas.
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This treaty dictated the territory line between Spain and Portugal. Portugal got new lands to the east. Spain got to control the western portion of land.
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Vasco da Gama successfully sailed around the southern tip of Africa and had successfully sailed from Europe to Asia. He is the first European to reach India by the Atlantic.
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One problem was severe inflation and taxes. Spain's wealth overflowed into the pockets of their enemies. The Protestants were fighting against and declared their independence from Spain.
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Monarch's grew increasingly powerful. Religious and territorial conflicts between states led to almost continuous ware.
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In the early 1500s, Copernicus studied planetary movements for more than 25 years and reasoned that the stars, the earth, and other planets revolved around the sun.
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He discovered present-day Rio de Janeiro and Rio de la Plata; he charted the land. A German mapmaker later named North America after him.
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The Mona Lisa has said to have been painted between 1503 and 1506. This painting is significant because Da Vinci used several innovative techniques and helped develop a style of painting. It was also one of the man's more famous pieces.
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The Sistine Chapel's ceiling was painted between 1508 and 1512 by Michelangelo. It is significant because it was done by such an acclaimed artist and the Sistine Chapel is where the pope is chosen.
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Raphael painted the famous School of Athens in 1509. It's important because it is one of Raphael's four paintings that represent knowledge. The frescoe is decorating the walls of the Stanza.
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Machiavelli wrote the prince in 1513, although it isn't published until five years after his death, in 1532. Machiavelli captures human nature in a rather manipulative way and basically says that it is okay to lie and break your word if it means you'll be put to the advantage. (to be a "ruler")
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Luther posted 95 issues he had with the Catholic Church on October 31, 1517. The significance is that it is the start of the Protestant Reformation.
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Coretez sailed down to Mexico with several ships, 600 men, and 12 cannons. He spent several months down in Mexico taking sides with conflicts. He won presents and tribute from several local peoples.
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The set up a meeting with the Inca's. Atahualpa did not like what Pizzaro wanted and so they captured him. They said they would let him go if he complied but he killed him anyways.
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He had a good and bad period when he was ruling. He executed many boyars because of their connection with his childhood.
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On April 20, 1534, under a commision from the king and hoping to discover a western passage to Asia, Cartier set sail. On July 24, he claimed the territory in the name of the king.
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Henry the 8th executed his wife May 19th 1536. It was significant because it allows Henry to have a son with Jane Seymore.
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Edward the 6th was born October 12th 1537. He was the only son of Henry the 8th and it was significant because the Anglican Church was solidified under him.
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April 19th, 1541 he starts his own order of priests. This is important because it refocuses church on education.
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She becomes Queen in July of 1553 and rules until her death. This is significant because she was known as Bloody Mary and executed a ton of Protestants. She also restored the church to Catholicism and restored English allegiane to Rome.
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She becomes queen November 17th, 1558. This is important because she’s Anglican and begins Elizabethan age.
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His empire provided him with wealth. He inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies. He also defended Catholicism.
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This company was supposed to break the trade monopoly that the Dutch had with spices in the East Indies. They wanted trade with Asia.
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This Company was founded to protect the Dutch’s trade in the Indian Ocean. The Company was granted a trade monopoly, and was also used in supporting the gain of independence from Spain.
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Charles I always needed money and dissolved Parliament several times. King Charles fought the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell was the general who could win for the Puritans.
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Hudson was last seen in 1611 and later that year only 13 people returned home from the voyage that he disappeared on. No one is quite sure what happened to him, whether he was murdered or overthrown from a mutiny.
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William Shakespeare died in the United Kingdom on April 23rd, in 1616. It is important/significant because Shakespeare is known as the worlds greatest writer. He had a major influence on drama and the styles of writing.
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It was a conflict over religion, over territory, and for power among European ruling families. The war did great damage to Germany.
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Cardinal Richelieu became the ruler of France. Writers expressed skeptism.
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Established by the Dutch East India Company, the New Netherlands grew to be very large. New Netherlands was later renamed New York after the Dutch surrendered to the Duke of York. (It was named after him)
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In 1632 he published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. It presented ideas of both Copernicus and Ptolemy, but it clearly showed that Galileo supported the Copernican theory.
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Descartes’s book sets forth his scientific method of reasoning from the basis of doubt.
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He became the strongest king of his time. He weakened the power of nobles and increased the power of the government. Manufacturing expanded. Louis surrounded himself in luxury.
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He expressed his views in a work called Leviathan.
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Charles II restored the monarchy so the period of his rule is called the Restoration. The habeas carpus was passed on. The bloodless overthrow of King James II is called the Glorius Revolution.
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Louis invades the Netherlands. He fought additional wars, but a European-wide alliance formed to stop France. Later, the War of Spanish Succession dragged on until 1713. Louis dies. Eventually.
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La Salle reaches the mouth of the Mississippi and claims the rier for France.The river was much larger than he knew and he ended up claiming a lot of land for France.
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He publishes his ideas in his book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and is one of them most important scientific books ever written.
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England wasn't an absolute monarchy, but a constitutional monarchy. The laws limited the rulers power in a constututional monarchy.
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Two Treatises on Government served to justify the overthrow of James II.
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He was one of Russia's greatest reformers. He worked a lot with the proccess of westernization.
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Peter the Great used western Europe as a model for change to make Russia stronger.
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Approximately 50 slaves revolted and killed their owners. Other slaves slowed down their work, uprooted crops or refused to work. This was also known as the Stono Rebellions.
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She faced years of war. Her main enemy was Prussia.
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He becomes the king of Prussia and rules from 1740-1786.
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He began publishing the first volumes of the Encyclopedia, that brought together all the most current and enlightened thinking about science, technology, art, government, and more.
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The war took place between 1756 and 1763. It involved most of the great powers of the time and affected Europe, North America, and several other areas.
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Every great European power was involved in the war. The war didn't change the territorial situation in Europe, however it did have a great effect on the continents.
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She was born and had a firm belief that women should be educated.
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In On Crimes and Punishment, Beccaria railed against common abuses of justice.
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Russia, Prussia, and Austria were land-hungry neighbors that each took a piece of Poland in what is called the First Partition of Poland.
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Her thinking about enlightened ideas changed after a massive uprising of serfs in 1773.
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To protest and import tax on tea, raiders dumped 342 chests of tea into the water. This protest is known as the “Boston Tea Party”.
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The Declaration of Independence was a document written by Thomas Jefferson that reflected ideas in its eloquent argument for natural rights.
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They sign the new Constitution. Congress also formally added to the Constitution the ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights
