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Smallpox and DTP
During this time period, the United States Public Service Act of 1944 was issued, and many vaccines for different diseases were recommended for children. One of the vaccines recommended was the smallpox vaccine, which was recommended to be taken around the age of one. Another vaccine recommended was the DTP vaccine, that was licensed in 1948, was a combination of both the whole cell pertussis vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids -
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Polio
In April 12, 1955, an inactive polio virus vaccine was licensed. During the year it was licensed, there were less cases of poliomyelitis. Compared to the prior year there were approximately 10,000 less cases. By 1962, there were 886 poliomyelitis cases total. -
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Measles, Polio, and Smallpox
Between the years 1950 and 1963, measles had struck about 300,000 to 760,000 Americans annually until a vaccine was licensed and used. by 1968, measles cases had dropped by 97%. A monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine was licensed in 1960, and later on a trivalent oral virus was licensed. By 1968, IPV had been phased out of the US. By 1972, the smallpox vaccine was phased out of out of the general population due to low risk of infection- the last US case was in 1949. -
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MMR
The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine became more widely used after the mumps vaccine was recommended for children in 1977. In 1977, 57,345 measle cases were reported in the US.Since then the number of cases have dropped. By 1984, the number of measles cases had dropped by 95%, to 2,587. -
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Hib, MMR, Hepatitus B, Polio(OPV)
A polysacchaaride vaccine for Hib was licensed for children 18 months and older in 1985,and after introduction of the vaccines the number of menigititus-related deaths from Hib dropped to fewer than 10 per year. Low vaccination rates led to a measle outbreak between 1989 and 1991 sickening 55,000 and killing more than 100. During the beginning of 1991,a Hepatitus B vaccine was recommended for all infants. On August 20, 1994, three years had passed since the last case of wild polio was reported. -
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Varicella, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal, and Influenza
In 1995,the varicella virus is proved 85%-90% effective in preventing all varicella infections and up to 100% effective in moderate and severe chickenpox. The first vaccine for rotavirus was licensed and recommended for routine childhood immunzation in 1998,but was later withdrawn in 1999 due to safety concerns. In 2000, a pneumoccal vaccine was licensed and pneuccocal disease had dropped by 80%. For the influenza season in 2004, the ACIP recommended flu shots for children ages 6-23 months old. -
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Meningoccocal, HPV, Hepatitis A
Since 2005, a meningoccocal vaccine was recommended for ages 11-12 and a booster for age 16. The first HPV was licensed in 2006 and was recommended by the ACIP for ages 11-12. The first hepatitis A was vaccine was licensed first in 1995 and recommended for all children by 2006.