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Evil spirits -
Blood letting
Exorcism
Prayer and Devine intervention -
Digitalis
-heart medication
Quinine
-controls fever, relieves muscle spasm, prevents malaria
Belladonna and atropine
-relieve muscle spams (gastrointestinal pain)
Morphine
-treats severe pain -
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Health Records
-Called gods to heal
Who are physicians?
-Priests
How did they heal?
-Bloodletting with leaches -
Development of acupuncture
-treat illnesses/diseases with stone tools -
Illness cause Nature vs. Spiritual
-kept records on observations of what they thought caused illness
Dissection
-religious custom didn't allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates
-wrote the standard of ethics called the Oath of Hippocrates -
Sanitation Systems
-Brought clean water into the cities (public baths)
Organize Medical Care
-Romans were first to organize
Hospital Development
-Public buildings for the care of the sick were established -
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The church believed that life and death were in Gods hands -
Prayer -
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Epidemics (diseases affecting many people at the same time) caused millions of deaths (Bubonic plague, smallpox, syphilis) -
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Universities
-used for research (along with medical schools)
Dissection
-the acceptance of dissection of the body for study
Books
-development of printing and publishing allowed greater access to knowledge for research -
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Studied/recorded the anatomy of the body -
Discovered the Fallopian tubes of the female anatomy -
Discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat -
Described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart -
Invented the microscope -
Early pharmacy’s started engaging in the flourishing trade in drugs and spices from the east -
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Discoveries included bifocals and he found out that colds can be passed from person to person -
-attended lectures in the classroom and lab
-observed patients bedside
-when the patients died, they directed and saw the disease process -
Discovered the element oxygen and observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen, making it usable for respiration -
Discovered a method of vaccination for smallpox that led to immunization and to preventive medicine in public health -
Invented the stethoscope -
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-Founder of modern nursing
-Devoted much of life to better sanitation, construction and management of hospitals
-Designed a hospital ward that improved the environment and are of patients -
He identified the cause of childbed fever. Physicians would dissect dead patients and then deliver babies without washing their hands. The women got infected and Semmelweis noticed this and hand washing and cleanliness became an accepted process. -
-“Father of Microbiology”
-discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere causing disease
-discovered that heating milk prevented growth of bacteria
-created a vaccine for rabies in 1885 -
Discovered some diseases are caused by microorganisms (viruses) -
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infection. He was the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery. -
-developed asepsis -
-discovered many disease causing organisms
-developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens
-introduced importance of cleanliness/sanitation -
-discovered effect of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms
-on 606th experiment he found a chemical to treat syphilis -
Discovered x-rays -
They used to not have anesthesia and would choke, use herbs, hashish and alcohol to stop pain -
Discovered that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria -
-Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind
-determined the mind and body work together
-his studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry -
Discovered sulfonamide compounds -
Discovered that s seas polio virus caused immunity to poliomyelitis
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Used a live polio virus vaccine -
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on its known double helix -
Performed the first successful heart transplant -
Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
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Taking organs from a donor to a recipient -
Patient records stored electronically in a digital format -
A technique that doesn’t break the skin -
Development of new surgical cutting and drill guides, prosthetics, patient-specific replicas of bones, organs and blood vessels -
Electronic communications to send important medical information to a patient/healthcare provider