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Supernatural spirits -
Doctors performed ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits -
- Digitalis comes from the foxglove plant • Today it’s used to treat heart conditions • It originally was used to strengthen and slow the heartbeat
- Quinine comes from cinchona trees and helps control fevers, muscle spasms, and prevent malaria.
- Belladonna and atropine come from the poisonous nightshade plant and they are used to relieve muscle spasm, and gastrointestinal pain.
- Morphine is made from opium poppy and it’s used to treat severe pain.
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- health records: they were the first to keep accurate records.
- who are the physicians? The priests.
- how did they heal? They called upon the gods to heal them.
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Development of acupuncture: Early medical pioneers learned to treat a variety of things with stone tools. -
- Illness cause Nature Vs. Spiritual: They studied the causes of diseases and found that they were Natural and not Spiritual.
- Dissection: Religious custom didn’t allow body’s to be dissected.
- Hippocrates: The father of medicine, based his knowledge on observing the external body.
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- Sanitation system’s: they brought clean water into the cities, built sewers to carry off waist, and built public baths.
- Organize medical care: they were the first to organize medical care.
- hospital development: physician’s kept a room in there house for the ill.
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Because the church believed that life and death were in god’s hands. -
The primary treatment was a prayer, and medication was herbal mixtures. -
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They caused millions of deaths during this period. Some of the uncontrolled diseases included the plague, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis most of which now have vaccines. -
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- University’s: they built buildings and universities for research.
- Dissection: was accepted for studying the body.
- Books: allowed for greater access to knowledge from research.
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He studied and recorded the anatomy of the human body. -
Discovered the Fallopian tubes. -
Discovered the tube leading from your ear to your throat. -
Used his knowledge of physiology to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope, and found bacteria that causes tooth decay not yet realizing it. -
Early pharmacy’s started flourishing trade in drugs and spices. -
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Created bifocals and found that colds can be passed from person to person. -
They attended lectures, observed patients bedside, and dissected the body to observe the disease process. -
Discovered oxygen, and that plants refresh the oxygen in the air. -
Discovered a vaccination for smallpox that led to immunization and preventive medicine in public health. -
Invented the stethoscope, it was first made of wood. -
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Founder of modern nursing. -
Identified the cause of childbed fever was lack of washing hands. -
Known as the “Father of Microbiology”, discovered tiny microorganisms were everywhere, and that heating milk prevented bacteria. -
Discovered some diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen with a microscope called viruses, you can only see them with a electron microscope. -
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs and became the first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery. -
Developed a way to keep an area germ-free before a after surgery, Asepsis. -
Developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and isolate the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, and introduced the importance of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. -
Discovered the effects of medicine on disease-causing microorganisms. The treatment was effective on some microorganisms but not in killing other bacteria. This brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease. -
Discovered X-rays and took the first one of his wife’s hand, this discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and figure out what’s wrong. -
Before the 19th century, pain was a big problem because they didn’t have anesthesia for surgeries. Early physicians used herbs, hashish, and alcohol to help with pain. -
Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria, this discovery was considered very important in the 20th century. -
Discovered the unconscious and conscious parts of the mind, he studied the effects of the unconscious mind on the body. -
Discovered sulfanilamide compounds, they were the first medication’s to kill bacteria. -
Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis, the virus paralyzed many adults and children each year, it attacked the most active/athletic people. -
Used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective. -
Discovered the molecular structure of DNA, their model explained how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on, it set the stage for molecular biology. -
Performed the first successful heart transplant. -
Is a pioneer to separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgery on the brain to stop seizures. -
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After figuring out how to make cells grow, organize, and specialize into 3D structures similar to human tissues, scientists have created a veritable zoo of "organoids," including livers, pancreases, stomachs, hearts, kidneys, and even mammary and salivary glands. -
Microsoft developed a glucose-monitoring smart lens, and now Purdue biomedical/mechanical engineering assistant professor, Chi Hwan, believes placing thin-film sensors in contacts is the next step. Meanwhile, Michigan electrical and computer engineering assistant professor, Zhaohui Zhong, is producing night-vision smart lenses. -
The FDA approved smart pills, which contain tiny embedded sensors that communicate via smartphone with users about whether they’ve already taken their medication. Smart pills can also give doctors a better understanding of a pill’s usage and effectiveness in patients. -
Health care providers are now using electronic communication to send important medical information to the patient or another health provider, and have online doctor visits. -
Stanford University recently developed what they call “a lab on a chip” based on CRISPR enzyme Cas12. The size of half a credit card, contains a complex network of channels smaller than the width of a human hair that can deliver a coronavirus test’s results in under 30 minutes.