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Medicines such as morphine for pain and digitalis for the heart are still used today.
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Supernatural spirits and demons.
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20 years.
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People called upon the gods to heal them when disease occured.
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Priests who studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools were physicians. The first may have been Imhotep.
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20-30 years.
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Religious prohibitions that were against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of the body structure.
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They believed in the need to treat the whole body was by curing the spirit and nourishing the body
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20-30 years.
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Hippocrates is called the Father of Medicine:
-developed an organized method to observe the body
-recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases
-created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates, is used by physicians today -
Dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy.
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25-35 years.
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-Created aqueducts to carry waste materials away from the cities
-Used filtering systems in public baths to prevent disease
-Drained marshes to reduce incidence of malaria -
Early hospitals were developed when physicians cared for ill people in their homes. Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents.
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25-35 years.
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Emphasis was placed on saving the soul.
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Prayer and divine intervention were used.
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20-30 years.
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Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century.
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The bubonic plague (Black Death) killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia.
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An Arab physician who became known as the Arab Hippocrates:
- based diagnoses on observations of the signs and symptoms of disease
-developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles
-suggested that blood was the cause of many diseases and began the use of animal guy for suture material -
20-35 years.
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The rebirth of the science of medicine
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Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology.
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Michelangelo and Da Vinci used dissection in order to the draw the human body more realistically.
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30-40 years.
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Still not known and many people died from infections and puerperal (childbirth) fever
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Ambroise Pare, a French surgeon.
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He identified the fallopian tubes and described the tympanic membrane in the ear.
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35-45 years
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He described the circulation of blood to and from the heart.
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He invented the microscope.
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Early pharmacists who made, prescribed, and sold medications
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35-45 years.
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Created the first mercury thermometer
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Prescribed lime juice contains vitamin C to prevent scurvy
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Developed a vaccination for smallpox
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40-50 years.
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First successful blood transfusion was performed on humans by James Blundell.
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She became the first female physician in the U.S.
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Was the founder of modern nursing
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Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross
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Discovered roentgenograms (X-rays)
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40-60 years
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He discovered penicillin
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The first heart-lung machine was used for open-heart surgery
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-First liver transplant performed by Thomas Starzl (1963)
-First lung transplant performed by James Hardy (1964)
-First successful heart transplant performed by Christian Bernard (1968) -
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan was developed
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The first “test tube” baby, Louise Brown, was born.
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60-70 years
