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Primitive humans believed that supernatural spirits. -
Primitive humans would hold ceremonies to exorcise the evil spirits. During the ceremony a tribal doctor would take out part of the cranium. Doctors would also use pants and herbs, some of these plants and herbs are still used today. -
Digitalis was used by chewing the leaves of a foxglove plant to strengthen and slow the heart, it is now used by being injected into the veins or by a pill to treat heart conditions. Quinine is now used to help control fevers, muscle spasms and to help prevent malaria. Belladonna and atropine are used to help muscle spasms, including gastrointestinal pain. Morphine is used only when necessary to help severe pain. -
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These people were the first people to keep accurate health records. Priests were the people known as physicians. The ancient Egyptians treatments included medicines, splinting and bloodletting using leeches. -
The ancient Chinese were the first to use acupuncture. They were able to treat many illnesses and diseases with the stone tools. -
The ancient Greeks were the first to really study illness and disease. They found that the cause of these might be natural rather than spiritual. Hippocrates was the father of medicine, he based everything he knew off observation of the body. He kept records and wrote the oath of Hippocrates saying how illness and disease was natural. -
The ancient romans developed ways to keep their city’s clean from the greeks. They were able to get clean water into city’s and has sewers to get rid of dirty water. The romans sent medical supplies with soldiers to help the wounded men. The romans also started the idea of hospitals -
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During the dark ages for a period of about 100 years medical practices had become rare. The church had believed that life and death was in gods hands. The monks and priest did not care about the function of the body. -
While treatment was rare, treatment consisted of prayer and herbal medication. -
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During the middle age the Black Plague killed about 60 million people. And during this time other illness were going around. Including smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis and tuberculosis. -
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During this time universities began to be built for people to lean from and also study at. People started to accept disease rather thank thinking its about god. Books also were being published to expand people’s knowledge about health -
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Leonardo da Vinci studied the anatomy of the human body -
Gabriele Fallopius Discovered a woman’s Fallopian tubes -
Bartolommeo Eustachio Founded the Eustachian tube, this tube leads from the ear to the throat -
William Harvey was able to learn and understand physiology. With this he was able to to figure out the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
Antonio Van Leewenhoek Created the microscope. He was able to scrape his tooth and see the bacteria causing tooth decay with this. -
Apothecaries were the pharmacy’s of this time. They got drugs and spices from trade with their east. -
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Benjamin Franklin founded bifocals and found that colds can be passed person to person. -
People’s learning and studying to become physicians started leaning in lectures and patients bedsides. After a patient died students would be able to discern and observe the body’s. -
Joseph Priestly Found the element oxygen. He found that plants restore oxygen in air. -
Edward Jenner discovered a vaccination for small pox, saving millions of lives. -
René Laënnec Invented the first stethoscope. Her discovery was able to help doctors hear If diseases were present in the heart and lungs. -
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Ignaz Semmelweis Realized how midwives had less patient deaths than physicians delivering baby’s. He figured out this was because the physicians were deriving the baby’s in the dead room and not washing their hands. -
Florence nightingale got educated woman to come to her nursing school. Her school prepared her students to become great nurses, raising the standards. -
Louis pasteur discovered microorganisms, and that they were everywhere. He found that they caused disease and did not become created because of disease. He also found a vaccine for rabies. -
Dmitri Ivanovski Found that some diseases caused by microorganisms can not be seen under a microscope. These were names viruses. -
Joseph Lister learned about Pasteurs discovery about microorganisms causing infection. Lister began using carbolic acid on wounds as an antiseptic. He also used this in surgery to prevent infections. -
Ernst Von Bergmann Created asepsis. This was a sterile condition to perform surgery, preventing infections. -
Robert Koch found many disease causing organisms, and the culture plate method. He also told the importance of cleanliness and sanitation to prevent the spread of diseases. -
Paul Ehelich found how medicine helped diseases. He was able to find a treatment for syphilis. -
Wilhelm Roentgen Invented the x-ray to help see inside patients, -
Before anesthetics were discovered surgery was very painful since patients were awake. Nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform were discovered, these were able to put people into a very deep sleep to prevent pain. -
Sir Alexander Fleming Found one of the most important medical discovery. Penicillin helped diseases that are very curable today. -
Sigmund Freud studied the conscious and unconscious part of the mind. With his studies he found psychosomatic illness. -
Gerhard Domagk Discovered sulfonamide compounds, these meds were able to kill bacteria. -
Jonas Salk found the vaccine for polio virus. He found that the dead polio virus causes people to become immune to polio. -
Diffrent that Salks vaccine, Sabin used a live virus vaccine, this was more effective and used today. -
Francis Crick and James Watson Found the structure of DNA and how information is coded on it. -
Christian Barnard completed the first heart transplant. -
Ben Carson completed the separation of Siamese twins and also surgery’s on the brain to stop seizures. -
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Organ transplants, caring for unborn fetus’s, reattach severed body parts, eliminating disabling diseases through genetic research and using non invasive techniques for diagnosis