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Revolution of 1905 and the October Manifesto
The first revolution in Russia, it was caused by the political and social unrest under Tsar Nicholas II. It included unrest within the peasants, worker strikes and mutiny. The October manifesto was signed by Nicholas II in 1905, in order to stop the 1905 revolution, which ended autocracy in Russia. This would guarantee civil liberties, introduce the Duma and there would be no censorship.
Ration: I chose this photo because it clearly shows the unrest of the people rioting. -
Beginning of WWI
Russia was a part of the alliance called the ‘Triple Entente’ along with France and Britain. During the early 1900s, Russia’s economy was finally becoming better, they were exporting many goods but they still were not as industrialized as the rest of Europe. Because of this, their weaponry used in the beginning of WWI was very limited and it didn't compare to the automatic guns of everyone else, leaving them at a disadvantage.
It shows the dated weapons Russia had which impacted Russia a lot. -
Czar Nicholas II take sole control of military operations
In 1915, Nicholas II took control over the Russian army, leaving his wife at home. Due to the fact that he was the only one in command of the army, Russian people began to hold him responsible as he has sole responsibility for anything bad that would happen. During this time, Rasputin would become an adviser for the Tsar.
- Tsar being the tallest person in the picture shows how he is soley responsible for the entire army which is why I chose this picture. -
Brusilov Offensive
One of Russia’s major offensive campaigns on the Eastern Front against the Central Powers in June of 1916. It has been called one of the most lethal in all of history. Although it was not very effective in the long-term in regards to breaking down German forces, it fit well into Russia’s larger plan in the long-term, forcing Germany to reconsider its attack on Verdun and focus more on the East and convincing Romania to join the Entente. -
Assassination of Rasputin
Rasputin was murdered by Russian nobles due to the fact that he had too much of an influence on the Tsar and Tsarina.
I chose this photo because it portrays how much of an influence Russian citizens though Rasputin had on the Tsars and shows reasons for his assassination. -
Creation of the Red Guard
Trotsky created the Red Guard unit which is later used to help in the October/November Revolution. Created at manufacturing companies by Factory and Plant Committees.
I chose to use this picture here because it demonstrates the unity of the red guard and how they are all a part of the working class and that the Red Guards are definitely not the poorer class as they are all in suits. Additionally, the Red Guards at the bottom have weapons, demonstrating their position as defense. -
International Women’s Day March in Petrograd
These strikes were led by women in March 1917. Russia had limited food supplies due to WWI, so women from everywhere began to protest, they were even joined by men working in factories and soldiers. These protests demanded the Tsar provide food for the children because they were starving and they wanted him to resign.
- This picture shows the Unity within women and how they could all come together to bring change in Russia. -
Nicholas II Abdicates
Eventually, after the riots, Tsar Nicholas II was abdicated and it ended almost 500 years of autocratic rule. He was then replaced by the provisional government.
I chose this picture because i feel as if it conveys how everyone was pretty much against him besides his family. -
Provisional Government formed:
The provisional government was a temporary government that replaced the autocracy after Nicholas II abdicated from tsardom. Although it was meant to mend the problems Nicholas caused, it was inherently weak with many underlying problems and issues, and was quickly disposed of when the Bolsheviks took power after the October Revolution of 1917. -
Return of Lenin from Exile
When Lenin returned from exile in April of 1917, he was able to use his influence to begin organizing what would become the mighty Bolshevik Party with its Red Army. This now-organized and formidable party was able to overthrow the Provisional Government and take power during the October Revolution. -
April Theses Published
The April Theses were Vladimir Lenin’s 10 commands that he distributed almost immediately after his return to Russia. The main goal of these directives was for them to reach fellow Bolsheviks and Soviets to come together and overcome the liberals and social revolutionaries around Russia and in the Provisional Government. These April Theses helped with the introduction of what would eventually become Communism and spread revolutionary attitude around Russia. -
First All-Russian Congress of Soviets Meets
In June 1917, the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets elects a central committee to be in permanent session in order to declare themselves the central power without opposition from any other party or body. After the other members of other parties walked out, the Bolsheviks had complete and total control and became Russia’s government. -
July Days
In July 1917, factors including tensions between the Bolsheviks and other parties and the Provisional Government’s poor leadership during World War 1 sparked a sudden uprising in Petrograd. The working class, soldiers, and sailors began participating in violent demonstrations against the Russian Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks were blamed and forced to disperse but this deterioration in Bolshevik power was only temporary, and the resurgence led to the October Revolution. -
Kornilov Affair
Military coup d'etat against Russian Provisional Government led by General Lavr Kornilov, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army.
I chose this picture below because Lavr Kornilov is the highest person in the picture, he is placed above everybody else displaying his role in this affair, as he was the one that led it and was the commander-in-chief of the Russian Army. -
Trotsky organizes Red Guard to defend Petrograd
Red Guard Defended Petrograd during the October Revolution in Russia. They helped out the soldiers to secure the overthrow of the government.
I chose to use this picture here because it demonstrates the duty of the Red Guard during the October Revolution. Lenin's Bolsheviks were very organized and had a lot of firepower and transportation of horses and were definitely ready for the overthrow of the government. This demonstrates their commitment to Russia and their fight against other Russians. -
Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government and take control
Lenin's Bolsheviks took over the government and the Winter Palace with force. They were against Alexander Kerensky's provisional government of Russia.
I chose this picture here because it demonstrates the unity of the Bolsheviks as they were very organized even in the Russian Civil War, although that is another time. This demonstrates the power that Lenin's Bolsheviks have over the Red Guard at the time. There is also a lot of firepower and transportation of horses being used. -
Cheka formed
The Cheka was the Bolshevik secret police and was formed by Vladimir Lenin and was led by Feliz Dzerzhinsky. They helped develop and balance Lenin’s dictatorship by killing enemies of the Soviet state.
I picked this picture because it really demonstrates everything about the Cheka as it was the secret police force. This is shown in the picture because there is no law at all, its just some soldier (Cheka) shooting and holding this guy against his will. -
Constituent Assembly meets and is disbanded
The Russian Constituent Assembly was used to create Russian constitution and was one of the demands of revolutionary parties before the revolutions in 1905. Tsar Nicholas II granted civil liberties and created the State Duma. It was dissolved because the election did not take into account that the Socialist Revolutionary Party was split. Met on the 18th, dissolved on the 19th.
I used this picture because it looks very controversial and looks like there is a lot of arguing-->dissolved. -
Signing of Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
When the treaty was signed by Central Powers with the Ukrainian Republic and Soviet Russia.
I chose this picture here because it demonstrates all the perspectives needed for the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. It has Soviet Russia on the left and the Ukrainian republic on the right. -
Period: to
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Timespan
Russia recognizing the independence of Finland, Ukraine, and Georgia. Russia also gave up the Baltic states of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia and Poland to Austria-Hungary and Germany. Russia also ceded Kars, Batum, and Ardahan to Turkey.
There is no picture for this one because it is a timespan and it wont let me add one, the picture, however, is on the Signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Time Stamp -
The Creation of Wartime Communism
This was the name that was given to the economy in Russia starting in 1918, and ending in 1921. This name was introduced by Lenin, in order to face and combat the economic problems that were caused by the civil war in Russia. The main objective of this was to eliminate money as a form of currency and exchange. I had chose this photo because it shows the leaders of wartime communism. -
Kolchak begins serious attacks against the Reds on Siberia
These attacks became known as the White Movement. They were significant because they helped the White Army gain sizable portions of Russian land that they were able to hold onto for the rest of the fighting. I chose this image to show who was the leader of the whites. -
Red Terror
The red terror was an event of mass killings carried out by the Boshliveks. It happened from 1918-1922, and killed at least 10,000 people. This event was an overall period of political repression in Russia and was carried out at the beginning of the Russian civil war. I chose this photo to show the panic that the Red Terror had on people -
Ukraine brought under Soviet control
The Kiev operation or offense happened in 1920. This claimed to have been the start of the Polish-societ war, adn was an attempt by the armed forces to seize certain territories of modern-day Ukraine. nI used this photo to show the invasion of Ukraine. -
Soviets attempt to take Warsaw
The battle of Warsaw was fought from August 12–25, 1920 as Red Army forces commanded by Mikhail Tukhachevsky approached the Polish capital of Warsaw and the nearby Modlin Fortress. It was was a series of battles that resulted in a decisive Polish victory in 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War. I chose this image to display the Polish Army. -
Tambov Rebellion
The largest peasant rebellion against the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. The effect of this rebellion is that in March 1921, the two rebellions - the rebellion eventually led to to Lenin retreating from War Communism on March 21, 1921 and use the New Economic Policy in order to meet the higher demands of the Russian people.
I chose this picture because it highlights the Bolshevik soldiers which is helpful when gaining insight about the rebellion and its different armies. -
The Kronstadt Uprising
The Bolsheviks were revolted against by sailors who supported the October Revolution with a demand to end the harsh measures of War Communism. This is significant as the sailors demanded an end to Bolshevik dictatorship. This forced Lenin to retreat from War Communism in 1921 and use the NEP to meet the higher demands of Russia.
I chose this picture as it shows primary images, which is crucial when gaining insight on the aspects of emotional trauma endured during the time of war. -
Ending of War Communism
War Communism ended on March 21, 1921 when the protests and brutal demands of the overall majority of Russian people, such as the Tambov Rebellion and the Kronstadt Rebellion, forced Lenin to retreat from War Communism and implement the NEP.
I chose this picture because it shows the Russia soldiers, which is important as it highlights the transfer from War Communism to NEP through the militaristic aspect -
Treaty of Rapallo
An agreement signed on April 16, 1922 between Germany and Russia to recognise each other and cancel all claims for debts, develop their trade relations and cooperate in military matters secretly.
I chose this image because it depicts the visual imagery of the agreement between Russia and Germany during the signing of the Treaty of Rapallo -
Formation of Soviet Union
The Soviet Union of Russia formed by Joseph Stalin on December 20, 1922 due to the Russian Revolution. The government unified Russia, Ukraine, Transcaucasia, and Byelorussia under a one-party rule of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
I chose this image because it shows the transfer of government on December 20, 1922. This is important as it illustrates the intensity and emotion of the day. -
Lenin dies
Lenin died on January 21, 1924 at age 53 after falling into a coma. Joseph Stalin was hailed as his successor and leader of the Communist Party and overall Soviet Union.
I chose this picture because it shows an image of Vladimir Lenin, which is important in terms of gaining knowledge about Russia as it helps to visually see the significant figures during the period of War Communism.