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Diocletian divides the empire for better Administration
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Was the continuation of the Roman Empire. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Empire
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Comprises the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court.
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Justinian tried to do a territorial unification, religious peace and finally restore the old Roman Law.
Justinian achieved lasting fame through his judicial reforms, particularly through the complete revision of all Roman law, something that had not previously been attempted. The total of Justinian's legislation is known today as the Corpus juris civilis. It consists of the Codex Justinianeus, the Digesta or Pandectae, the Institutiones, and the Novellae. -
In the 11th century, there are three different groups: those who pray, the clergy, those who fight, the Knights and those who labor, the peasants.
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Ius commune appears because of the markets and the new urban markets and the new way of life. And also because of Universities.
There were few schools, depending on monasteries and cathedrals. -
There was a radical renewal. The structure of feudal civilization was crumbling and canons of all manual and professional operations were overthrown.
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Irnerius’ School stood out from the rest: It focused on the study of law. He taught the newly recovered Roman lawcode of Justinian I, the Corpus Juris Civilis, among the liberal arts at the University of Bologna, his native city. The recovery and revival of Roman law, taught first at Bologna in the 1070s, was a momentous event in European cultural history.
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Bologna was the first school of law.
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Towns are new forms of political power and people wanted to go to the city to be free.
In the countryside they were under the feudalism.
The relevance of law reappears and roman law was a source of materials. -
Some schools had a long life, others a short one and students chose which school they wanted to join. Their choices were influenced by the opinions of relatives, friends, merchants.