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Louis XVI convokes État-général on suggestion of former finance minister Jacques Necker, to hear grievances.
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Armed citizens storm and capture the Bastille
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National Guard fires on crowd protesting against restoration of the King.
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King formally accepts Constitution.
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Food riots in Paris
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Committee of Public Safety established.
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procedures for mass trial and execution implemented. Victims will go to the guillotine now in batches of 50 or 60 at a time. An estimated 2,750 are executed of whom the great majority are poor.
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Constitution of Year III approved, establishing Directory.
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Napoleon sets sail, with the French fleet, for Egypt. There were 38,000 troops, 3,000 cavalry and 1,200 horses all aboard 400 transport ships. 150 scholars also accompanied the expedition.
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The first of Napoleon's invasion-force scholars prepared to leave Egypt boarding a ship at Alexandria. They were carring with them many Egyption antiquities including the Rosetta Stone. The stone was confiscated by the British before they left.
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Napoleon offered 100 thousand francs to anyone who could create sugar from a native plant. Russian chemist K. S. Kirchhof later discovered that sulfuric acid added to potato starch would make the conversion.
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Economic measures against Napoleonic France interfered with US trade and caused the War of 1812 between the USA and the UK.
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Napoleon and 1,200 leave Elba to start the 100-day re-conquest of France.
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Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, and begins begins his 100-day rule
