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Germany surpassed Britain to become Europe’s leading industrial power. This caused unbalance in Europe.
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The Great Powers recognized the independence of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire and put Austria-Hungary in charge of Bosnia-Herzegovina—a multi-ethnic region of Croats, Turks, and Serbs on Serbia’s border. Russia quickly formed close ties with Serbia and took on the role of Serbia’s protector. -
In 1882, to protect itself against France, Germany formed an alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary. -
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United States annexed Hawaii and seized the Philippines from Spain in the 1890s.
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The United States announced that it would take charge in any Latin American nation that could not properly manage its affairs. It took such action in several nations between 1904 and 1916. The policy blocked European powers from increased control in Latin America to protect their investments and made the United States the major power in the region. It also caused much resentment in Latin America. -
Russia and Japan went to war over Manchuria and Korea—another area of rivalry between the two nations.The war went badly for Russia and ended in 1905 when the United States, with German and British support, forced a settlement. Manchuria was returned to China, and Russia agreed to respect Japan’s control over Korea. -
Britain’s growing concerns about Germany prompted it to join with France and Russia. -
Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908.- Led to murder of Franz-Ferdinand. -
Many Serbs believed that Bosnia-Herzegovina should be part of Serbia. Russia supported this goal, hoping to weaken Austria-Hungary and increase its own influence in the Balkans.-The first war ended Ottoman rule on the peninsula, and the second war divided the former Ottoman lands among the Balkan nations. Serbia doubled in size as a result.- This heightened tensions with Austria-Hungary.
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British & French troops pushed back the German drive along the Marne River - the first battle of Marne ended Germany's hopes for a quick victory on the Western Front. -
WWI began in August 1914 and was a conflict almost every European Nation took part in. Ultimately, 8.5 million soldiers and 13 million civilians died due to the war. It was expected to end before the end of 1914, but it lasted many years later. WWI led to the collapse of four imperial dynasties. -
An act of Serbian nationalism led to the murder of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Austria-Hungary saw Franz Ferdinand’s assassination as a chance to crush Serbian nationalism. -
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Within two weeks of this day, almost all European nations were at war.
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The Battle of Tannenberg happened between August 26-30, 1914. The battle was fought in Tannenberg, East Prussia, and was a huge German victory over Russia. Though, the affects of the battle were devastating. -
First Germany and then other allies began using poison gas which blinded or chocked its victims and caused blisters and burns. Winds could even move around the gas back around on those who launched it. -
Bulgaria helped defeat its old rival Serbia. -
Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary, then Germany. The Italians and Austrians fought 11 battles in total. -
The Allies sent a massive force of British, Indian, Australian & New Zealander troops to attempt to open up the strait. -
Turkish troops trapped the Allies on the beaches of the Gallipoli peninsula. In Jan 1916, after 10 months & 200k+ casualties, the Allies finally withdrew from the Dardanelles.
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Both Allies and Central Powers launched massive offenses during this year. The struggle throughout 11 months caused over half a million casualties.
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By joining Allies, Romania hoped to gain some land in Hungary, though they were crushed but Central powers. -
Arab nationalists led by Husayn ibn Ali declared a revolt against Ottoman rule. The British government sent Colonel T.E. Lawrence ,later known as Lawrence of Arabia, to support Arab revolt. Lawrence led guerrilla raids against the Turks, dynamiting bridges & supply trains. Eventually, the Ottoman empire lost a great deal of territory to the Arabs, including the key city of Baghdad. -
Austrians & Germans launched a major offensive against the Italian position at Caporetto; Italians retreated in disarray. British & French forces later helped stop the Central Powers’ advance into Italy. Still Caporetto proved as disastrous for Italy as Tennenberg had been for Russia. -
Despite wanting to stay neutral, after Germany attacked submarines and after outcry, they were forced to join. US joining the war was a big turning point. -
The spread of influenza killed 20 million worldwide. -
The victorious Allies met at the Paris Peace Conference to discuss the fate of Europe, the former Ottoman empire & various colonies around the world. The Central Powers & Russia were not allowed to take part in the negotiations.
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The most important of the peace treaties that brought WW1 to an end. Ultimately, the treaty ended the war between Germany and the allied powers. -
The League of Nations was an international organization that focus on negotiating disputes instead of going to war, and taking common actions against aggressor states. Even though it wasn’t successful, it was still a new idea, where nations come together and try to promote peace.