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Visit to china by a British official, George Macartney, with the goal of convincing Emperor Quinlong to ease restrictions on tradebetween Great Britian and China and to allow Britain to have a permanent embassy in Beijing.
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Treaty of Nanking gives Britain trading and other benefits, including gaining Hong Kong.
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The Taiping Rebellion was a huge civil war in southern China against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty.
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Second opium war in which British and French forces defeat China and force the qing government to sign further unequal treaties.
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Major rise of foriegn presence in 'tyreaty ports' including foreign 'concessions' (districts with non-Chinese admission).
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China was defeated by Frace in what was called the Sino-French war, and led to the establishment of French Indochina.
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Other countries want areas of control in China.
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It was fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meigi Japan over the control of Korea.