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visit to china by British official, George Macartney, with the goal of convincing emperor Qianlong to ease restriction on trade between Great Britian and China, and to allow Britian to have a permanent embassy in Beijing
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first Anglo-Chinese (Opium) war between Britian and China
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treaty nanking gives Britian trading and pther benefits, including gaining Hong Kong
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taiping rebelion
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second Anglo- Chinese (opium) war in which British and French forces defeat china and force the Qing government to sign future unequal treaties