-
1493
Christopher Columbus
April 1493, Christopher Columbus went to court of Queen Isabella of Castile & King Ferdinand of Aragon. The monarchs had agreed to sponsor his journey. His ships arrived in the Caribbean, discovering the New World. This discovery brought him resources; new land, native "Indians," and gold. The trade route had developed into the Columbian Exchange, impacting transportation. Eventhough this benefit for the East, it had lead to travel diseases, which helped killed 90% of the Natives. -
1500
Triangular Trade
The transatlantic slave trade that went from Europe, Africa, and the Americas. from Africa were kidnapped and brought to the Jamestown Colony. This event marked the beginning of slavery in the American colonies. In the Jamestown colony, the slaves were mainly used to grow tobacco, a major crash crop at the time. As time went on, slavery became very popular, especially in the south, to grow cotton. -
1519
Europeans
In 1519, Hernan Cortes discovered the Tenochtitlan city. The city is located on a lake, where it's said that Huitzilopochtli wanted to build on it where they saw an eagle perch a cactus. Spanish conquistadors arrived to make an alliance with the Indigenous people and sieged on the the Aztec capital until its surrender on 1521. The city was looted and burned. -
1534
King Henry VIII
English King Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) oppose Protestantism, until the Pope refused to let him divorce Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon in 1534. King Henry made himself head of new Church of England. Because of this, the Anglicans had lead to the Protestant Reformation to challenge Roman Catholic doctrines and authority. This allows for the printing press to exist, and allow religious freedom, that would later influence the Americas. -
1540
Hernando de Soto
In Spring of 1540, Spanish explorer, Hernando de Soto, met a Native American tribe ruler at North Carolina, Lady of Cofitachequi. Lady of Cofitachequi gifted him animal pels, blankets, pearls, salt, venison, and domestic food. De Soto, despite their warm welcome, enslaved her people, looted her people's riches, and converted the natives to Catholics. -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
Queen Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) approved Protestant faith.
But kept Catholic Ritual of Holy Communion and left the church under Anglican bishops and archbishops. It angered the protestants but the Anglican Church is up against King Philip II, who defends for the Catholic Church. This was event will lead to the conflict between Catholics and Protestants, which will later become Thirty Years War. It also affects Great Britain's and France's relationship. -
1566
Spanish Netherlands' revolt
Spanish Netherlands; Dutch- & Flemish- speaking provinces became wealthy from textile manufacturing and trade with Portuguese outposts from Africa and Asia. They revolt against Spanish rule in 1566. The cause of this, is because of the rise of Protestantism and Spain's poor treatment of the territory, which made the country violent. This event is part of the Eighty Years' War, that would be about Netherlands' independence. -
Period: 1577 to 1580
"Seafarers" + Golden Hind
Supports English “seafarers” who are against Spain; “sea dogs.” Francis Drake, a Protestant farmer’s son from Devon, ventured into the Pacific to disrupt Spanish shipping to Manila, The Philippines. Losing three ships and a hundred men. Survivors captured two Spanish treasure ships. He completed the first English circumnavigation of the globe. His flagship, the Golden Hind, returned to England, and brought: Silver, Gold, Silk, and Spices. 4,700 percent return on investment. -
Spanish Armada
King Philip sent a Spanish Armada against England:
King Philip wanted to restore the Roman Church in England
130 ships, and 30,000 men. The fleet failed after a storm that destroyed the ships. -
Queen Elizabeth: Mercantile Policies
1600, Queen Elizabeth’s mercantile policies became the foundation of overseas colonization. Continues to rival Spain, but now, in the trade. This event has lead to further in depth the conflict between Great Britain and Spain, which will affect the colony once they settle. This comes to show the history behind these countries that would affect colonial America as a whole in later years to come. -
Jamestown
The British decided to send settlers who accepted to get unoccupied land for opportunity, despite very harsh conditions. The colonists work under the crown, and their job is to collect resources to sell them back to England. 75% of the colonists died of disease and starvation. They got lucky that they got help from the native Americans to help them survive. -
Period: to
Royal Bureaucrats
In 1607-1713, Royal Bureaucrats tried to put order in the colonies because they were pro-monarchy. Except, the colonists learned how to be independent even during the English war. In behalf of the crown, these governors were responsible to take care of the colonists. The elected officials were members of the House of Burgesses. But, it ended when John Murray dissolved it. -
Headright System
Lower social classes of Europe began to search for places to get opportunity, like peasants who work under lords. For people who actually come, they get 100 acres of land, new settlers will be granted 50 acres, and for businesses, they get 50 acres too. Peasants must work under 7-11 years of labor in contract to share land, landowners can migrate children to the new land to skyrocket the population numbers. -
First Slaves
Slaves were transported to the the West Indies from Africa. Where they were laid down on the bottom of the ship, like sardine in a can. Not all of them survive, some die from starvation, disease, or even suicide, due to the poor conditions. The first slaves arrived in Virginia, at Point Comfort. -
Plymouth Colony
The Separatists, from the Mayflower, found Plymouth Colony. They came to America to escape from persecution, from places like Holland. They made the Mayflower Compact to govern themselves, except it's not effective and it's hard to get new settlers. Despite being Christian, they think that the Church of England, that came from, is corrupt, and must get separated to make another denomination. -
Mayflower
This was the Separatists' ship. Although it was first used for Puritans to find better opportunities from the New World. There's also "The Anne" and "Little James" that are the other two ships to support "Old Comers," Mayflower and Fortune, of the Plymouth colony. The company who were financed by London-based merchants. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Reign of Charles I (r. 1620-1660), King of England, sent settlers to Massachusetts. The Puritans settled America. From the Anglican church, the Puritans wanted to make a "purer" version of it. They still keep the church's teachings, making them hardcore conservatives. John Winthrop is the leader of the Puritans, who found "City on a Hill." The majority are Puritans, who had no trouble to get newcomers and rising their population. -
Period: to
Puritan-Pequot War + Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson
1636, Beginning of Puritans-Pequot War. Roger Williams finds Providence of Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts Bay. Roger Williams is a strict separatist that believes that the church should separate from the state, and people disagree with him, so he got exiled and found Providence of Rhode Island and basically accepted everyone. Anne Hutchinson got exiled because she lead a women's bible study group and got charged for heresy, so she got attacked by Natives and died. -
Quakers
Quakers are one of the Protestant denominations to host missionaries in the Americas. These people practice pacifism, which started the marks of beliefs about anti-slavery and women's rights. They settled on Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The religious freedom allows to forms the right of freedom of speech. -
Navigation Acts
Navigation Acts bans foreign trade by the English. It is said that only English companies and merchants can only trade with their colonies to eliminate competition among the trading world. However, the colonists still broke the act and continued to trade with foreign nations, and it made Britain mad. -
1662 Law of Virginia
It clears some confusion whether or not a child from an enslaved mother should be free or enslaved- and the answer is enslaved. Except people like Elizabeth Key Grinstead, in 1656, who won her trial to be one of the first black people to get freedom from slavery. That Virginia General Assembly said that "Common Law the Child of a Woman slave begot by a freeman ought to be free." -
Metacom War
Metacom, chief og Wampanoag tribe, went against the English settlers. He formed an alliance of Native Americans, Narangsetts and Nimpucks, and attacked on the colonies. They believe that the colonies should be get rid because they don't want their Native land to get colonized. Around 1,000 white settlers and 4,500 Natives died from the bloodshed. -
Period: to
Age of Enlightenment
A new age of philosophical school of thought, science-based, logic and reason. People started to question their existence and acknowledge things outside religion and government. Important people like John Lock, believe in life, liberty, and pursuit of property; Montesquieu, believes in separate branch of government; Voltaire, believes that free of thought should be protected; and Thomas Hobbes, believes in absolute monarch. Even though they don't think alike, their ideas are still revolutionary. -
Period: to
Benign Neglect
The colonies had been left with freedom due to the neglect of the British on checking up on them, on whether or not the laws had been withheld. This let colonies to develop own political views and make their own laws, as long as it doesn't go against the crown.. At least, that's what the British thought. It backfired, though. -
Witch Trials
In Salem, Massachusetts, where people were getting accused of witchcraft. A lot of people were put into jail and some were hanged. The hysteria of young girls in Salem, claimed that they were possessed by the devil, and started blaming other local women and children. The Massachusetts General Court, in 1692, finally thought it was ridiculous and annulled guilty verdicts. -
Period: to
The Great Awakening
It is the start of seeing religion in a new light, that people started to acknowledge the importance of man's and God's relationship to be more intimate. It is also the battled between Old Lights and New Lights, where one took interest and the other accepted the evangelical message. People like George Whitefield, would preach humbly, that would later inspire Benjamin Franklin. In contrast, Jonathan Edwards used his preaching to interpret God as terrifying, to keep people up their religious toes. -
The Molasses Act of 1733
The British enforces the colonies tax on molasses, sugar, and rum, from non-British imports. In 1764, British passed the Sugar Act, and reduced Molasses Act from 6 to 3 pence. They enforced this because the British needed money to war debts, and to support sugarcane growers. The colonies got mad that they started to make movements such as "No taxation without representation," which tenses the relationship between the colonies and Great Britain. Still holds up Benign Neglect, even as "cash cow." -
John Peter Zenger Case
Somehow, it's possible to win against the unjust British Court. So.. John Peter Zenger established acquittal in a libel suit, and won victory of the press in English colonies. The became became the symbol of freedom of the press. -
Stono Rebellion
20 African Americans raided a store near the Stono River for weapons and killed 20 white people. The African Americans got captured anyways. This growing rebellion got South Carolina really scared, so they slowed in slave imports and enforced stricter slave laws. -
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin is one of the founding fathers, and he wanted to do something about the British butting the colonists. He calls a meeting and made a newspaper of a political cartoon, that says that all the colonist territories should unite or they will die under the British or any sovereign power. It wasn't successful, but it did inspire leaders to act in the future. -
Battle of Fort Necessity
It's a storehouse for supplies of gunpowder, rum, and flour. -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
The French and Indian War took place in North America where it's between Great Britain and France. One of the British officers is a legend named George Washington, who won the victory, but got captured by the French, because the French are friends with the Native Americans. The war lasted for 9 years, until it subsided after Treaty of Paris. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Inventors from Europe, especially from the British, want to gatekeep their innovations from other sovereign countries because of competition among the trading world and foreign industries.. So the inventors traveled to American illegally to freely make their inventions. Cotton gin, Spinning Jenny, and steam boats, are one of the examples. Factories started to get build, and hire rural-born young women, and their rebellions weren't successful. This era grows the future of American economy. -
Paxton Boys
Settlers that killed people in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. They wanted to get rid all Indians in the Susquehanna Valley. This made the Conestoga Indians who had been living and trading with settlers for generations to distrust them. -
Proclamation of 1763
King George III enforced a law to keep the colonies from going west after the French decided to retreat from the territory from westward. British wanted to gatekeep the colonies because they don't want to make more tensions between the British and French & Native Americans even more than it already had.. And of course some of the them are stubborn. -
Sugar Act
It's suppose to stop colonists from smuggling sugar and molasses from French & Dutch traders, which hyped up the French and Indian War. It bans foreign trade like rum, too. It made it hard to pay taxes, since nobody is trading with them. -
Quartering Act 😡
British (Parliament) made the colonists provide food, drink, quarters, fuel, and transportation for British soldiers. This act was part of Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), which lead to the Boston Tea Party. The British soldiers flocked towards Boston to make their presence.. Present. -
Daughters of Liberty
They organized non-importation boycotts and spinning bees as a way to avoid buying British products and create American products instead. One of them is Sarah Bradlee Fulton who said that it's a good idea to dress up as Native Indians in the Boston Tea Party. -
Stamp Act
Taxing newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, dice, and playing cards. Britain (Parliament) wanted more tax from the colonies for legal + official papers. The colonists didn't like this, because they don't like being taxed without permission. -
Declaratory Act
Basically, anything that the British enforced (laws & Acts) it applies to everyone in the colonists and they should follow it. Most colonists, however, think that the ability to tax the colonies without giving them representation (by the Sons of Liberty) in Parliament was bad. -
Townshend Acts
British sugar act and stamp act taxed the colonies, once again, to fund the British from the Seven Years War. British made the colonies pay for duties on tea, glass, lead, paper, and paint imported to them. The imports made the colonies mad, because it raised the taxes, affecting both the rich and the poor, and lead boycotting. The colonies revived constitutional debate over taxation. -
The Boston Massacre
Also known as the "Bloody Massacre," where colonists were harassing the red coats, because they're mad about the taxation, until one of them fired and killed 5 colonists. Paul Revere saw this, and made a propaganda piece out of it, and it quickly spread the word, fueling the anger. Also one of the people that died is a freed African American, Crispus Attucks. -
Boston Tea Party
-
Coercive Acts 1774
Intolerable Acts were passed by the British to discipline the colonies from that Boston Tea Party. It consisted of Boston Port Act, by closing Boston's ports from trading; Massachusetts Government Act, by outlawing assemblies; the Administration of Justice Act, by just using Royal officials who don't give a damn about the legality for the lives of the colonists; and (Quartering Act). -
First Continental Congress
-
Formation of the Second Continental Congress
A convention happened in Philadelphia in summer of 1775, after Battle of Lexington and Concord. The meeting prepared for the official declaration of American Revolution, where Washington took charge on. The Olive Branch Petition got drafted, but King George III ignored it. -
Olive Branch Petition
-
Period: to
Loyalists
-
Battle of Lexington and Concord
This battle started of American Revolution. Where a "shot heard 'round the world,'" was coined. Samuel Adams, and John Hancock, and the Sons of Liberty got ready after Paul Revere passed them. Most of these people are just normal citizens, and despite British experience, but managed to outdone them by knowing the terrain-layout and unorthodox formation tactics. -
"Common Sense"
Published by Thomas Paine, it's about challenging the British's authority, like the monarchy. Its target audience were regular people and the book is written in their vernacular language. It acts as the propaganda piece in order to encourage people to make action. -
Sons of Liberty
-
Battle of Trenton
Washington crossed the Delaware river to surprise the Hessians at Trent. It happened on a Christmas day where people don't expect it, since it's usually a universal law to celebrate on that day. The victory had restored American morale of hoping to defeat the British -
Articles of Confederation
The Continental Congress wrote the document as US's first constitution. This constitution is a reflection of the nation's trauma from Britain's rule. It had said that it doesn't have a central government, no executive branch, no standing army, no taxing authority, have states rule themselves, and becoming state. -
Battle of Saratoga
It's when the British had 2 armies to face 1 American army, only to backfire because the British lost. The Americans know their terrain better, and the British had to suffer retreating to a route that would lose its stamina and supplies. While, in the meantime, loot their riffles, cannons, horses, and took them as prisoners. This boosted American morale, and Benjamin Franklin used this battle as evidence to convince the French to help the colonies. -
Battle of Yorktown
Sep 28, 1781 – Oct 19, 1781. This marks as the ending of the American Revolution. General Cornwallis and Washington on a wild goose chase where Cornwallis arrives at Yorktown to rest where it leaves Washington's crew to suffer. Little did they know that the French navy had arrived, surrounding Yorktown, which lead to the defeat of Cornwallis, as well as the ending of American Revolution, and "The World Turned Upside Down." -
Treaty of Paris
This took 2 years of negotiation to officially end American Revolution. It's the treaty that allowed the British to finally recognize the colonists- US, as its own nation. The territory occupied from the west got unoccupied, which lead for colonists that used to cross the Proclamation line. -
Steam Engine
First invented by Thomas Slavery and James Watt, the steam engine powers mechanic equipment using steam
First created in England. If you know how to make a steam engine, but not to leave the nation. Keep the invention a secret. Coal and steam generate electricity, not the wall. -
Shay's Rebellion
August 29, 1786-February 1787. There was a debt crisis because of the previous wars from the American Revolution. States like Massachusetts had the complained and basically marched to the capitol, where the Articles of Confederation didn't function properly. -
Virginia Plan
James Madison's Virginia Plan. -
3/5ths Compromise
-
Northwest Ordinance
It was passed by the U.S. Congress under the Articles of Confederation. Lands west of the Appalachian Mountains were sold. Creating townships and sections within townships was used for all U.S. land after 1785. It made new states possible under the protection of Bill of Rights -
Constitutional Convention
The Constitutional Convention assembled in Philadelphia in May of 1787. The convention and later implemented into the constitution were the 3/5 compromise, the Bill of Rights, the Connecticut Compromise, the improper clause, and the 10th Amendment. Many of the ideas were implemented to create a compromise between Federalists and anti-Federalists. -
Period: to
Anti-Federalists
-
Bicameral Legislature
New Jersey plan; Every state should have an equal vote in legislature. Virginia Plan; But the larger states should have the larger say. The Virginia Plan, drafted by James Madison and introduced to the Convention by Edmund Randolph on May 29, 1787, proposed the creation of a bicameral national legislature, or a legislature consisting of two houses, in which the “rights of suffrage” in both houses would be proportional to the size of the state. -
The Constitution
The Constitution was written by James Madison and rest of the founding fathers, and it got ratified in 1788. It gave government 3 branches, and a grasp of actual governing a country. They don't allow keeping soldiers in homes too. The ratification kinda got Federalists and Anti-Federalists to form because of uncertainty of government's function. -
Period: to
George Washington gets selected as first president
The only president to be selected, not elected. He is first to establish traditional government precedents. He established the court system, presidential cabinet, develop trust in nations in terms of trading, and raise government revenues through tariffs and taxes. Retires after two-year term. Before retiring, he warned America to not fight against each other, because he fears the idea of wielding the power and used to wrong hands.. Of course people are stubbon. -
Period: to
Federalists
-
The First Presidential Cabinet
Secretary of War is Henry Knox; Secretary of State is Thomas Jefferson; and Secretary of the Treasury is Alexander Hamilton. Washington had picked people to make his cabinet, and both picked for both Federalists and Anti-Federalists. All of which, are smart and passionate people. However, they don't agree with each other, especially Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. -
The Assumption (Hamilton's Theory)
-
Period: to
Second Great Awakening
People started to get tired from rationalism, and then made their lives religious again. Preachers like revivalist, Charles Finney, and Lymen Beecher, who organizes sermons. The teachers now rely on free-will than pre-destiny. This era made the church go through societal change because a lot of people got similar views or believes, and uses women to support it. -
The Whiskey Rebellion
First display of potential on American government. Marching about the protest that's suppose to display and hold the protests by Washington holding his army and firing a cannon to disperse it. -
Bill of Rights
-
XYZ Affair
It's when American delegates to France. France wanted to bribe, but the declines and delegates would go home. It was done so to lessen the treatment of American trading tenses with Great Britain and France, and it wasn't successful. -
Period: to
John Adams gets elected as president
After people got word about diplomats not wanting to pay, Americans got mad. So Adams negotiates peace with Napoleon. He creates US Navy, made trade routes, merchant ships and defend coast, and made Naval of serbatory. He got selfish and made Alien Acts, Sedition Acts, and Naturalization Act. States decided if they can nullify or not (Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions). By this time Federalist Power had ended. -
Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-1799) stated that since the Constitution was a ‘pact’ between the states and the federal government, if the government did something to break that ‘pact’ (the Alien and Sedition Acts) the states could decide that those laws were void in their state (this was called nullification.) -
Alien & Sedition Acts
-
"Midnight Judges"
-
Period: to
Thomas Jefferson gets elected as president
Brings in the Jeffersonian Era, his election is oddly peaceful during the Revolution of 1800. He made pro-Federalist cabinet to claim themselves on supreme court:The Right of Judicial Review, and Marybury v. Madison took place. Makes Pinckley Treaty and sends James Monroe to negotiate purchase of New Orleans. He paid for Louisiana Purchase and hosted commissions on Lewis & Clark Expeditions. Also, Embargo Act of 1807 was not cool. -
Westward Expansion
It started in 1787, with Northwest Ordinance, where states were admitted, such as Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, and territories from Minnesota. Then moves to Louisiana Territory, which gave 828,000 square miles of land west of Mississippi River for $15 million. -
Marybury v. Madison
Most important case has ever been. Supreme Court sides with Madison and refuses to grant Marybury the position based on the fact that they find part of the Judiciary Act unconstitutional and therefore void. In doing so the Supreme Court claim the right of “Judicial Review” or the right to declares laws unconstitutional and strike them down. -
Louisiana Territory
July 4, 1805-June 4, 1812. The reason Napoleon gave up the land, is that he needed money to fight wars against British. He got disinterest on colonizing American soil and gave up half of what US used to have in terms of land size. -
Embargo Act of 1807
December 22, 1807. Jefferson couldn't take it and basically shut down ports to all exports and imports from Britain. He got annoyed because of British and French messing around US merchant ships during Napoleonic Wars. This made domestic economy suffer by 5%, almost got Great Depression'd, but it did help spark domestic manufacturing. -
Period: to
James Madison gets elected as president
The same guy who's author of the constitution, he took charge of the Second Bank of the United States. He made the Tariff of 1816, to keep people from buying foreign products and mainly in domestic industries to keep the money flowing within borders. Also he adopted Bill of Rights. -
Impressment
So the British is being bitter that they lost, so they started abusing American ships. The British Navy would loot them, force American merchants to work for them, and recruit them due to the lack of British seamen. This made Americans mad, once they heard about this, marking the tensions that would later lead to War of 1812. -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny
The "American Progress" is about John Gast saying about the Westward Expansion. Manifest Destiny is about Americans finding settlement westward, to unfamiliar territory, so they can get free land and opportunity. It also gives the Native Americans pressure where they keep getting pushed due to urbanization. -
Period: to
Battle of 1812
First Battle of Sockets Harbor to Treaty of Ghent signed. The British don't believe in young US's independence. It also involves France because them and British still hogging each other's trading and it affects US. -
Battle of Thames
American army defeats British and their Native American allies. The army was under Wlliam H. Harrison and took over Northwest territory. Tecumseh died during that battle, and it was sad because he united Native Americans, and his death dispersed them. -
Treaty of Ghent
-
Dolly Madison
August 1814, British Army invades US and marches to D.C. The city surrenders and the army sets the capital ablaze. Dolly Madison became a national hero for moving historical documents and artifacts out of the capital and preserved national heritage. -
"Star Spangled Banner"
In “Defence of Ft McHenry,” Francis Scott Key, a prisoner of the British barge witnessed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry near Baltimore for 12 hours. He observed, in the morning the flag is still there, which he wrote in the poem. The poem would be renamed as "Star Spangled Banner".. And it used to be a drunkard song. -
Period: to
Era of Good Feeling
-
Battle of New Orleans
Eventhough War of 1812, technically ended. British needed proof that the British is totally defeated. So Andrew Jackson lead a multi-cultural motley band of soldiers and warriors. He recruits farmers, slaves, criminals, and pirates. They made a L-shaped trench and started firing constantly. The casualties that inflicted the British army were so great that it had 2,042 for British, and only 71 Americans hurt. -
Period: to
James Monroe gets elected as president
At this point, Federalist Party collapsed when he got elected. He signed the Missouri Compromise, and inspired Monroe Doctrine. Because of Battle of New Orleans, and other previous American victories, it inspired the rest of the Americas and Europe's perspective in Western Hemisphere. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
-
Panic of 1819
-
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin got famous despite being invented in March 14, 1794. He made mass production possible when slave value was decline.. And Redeemed it accidentally. He invented manufacturing muskets, and made a factory and profit out of them. There's also other inventions, Steam Engines, by Thomas Savery; Sewing Machine, by Elias Howe; The Reaper, by McCormck Co.. This revolutionize economy because it cost less to produce and care workers. -
The Missouri Compromise
Besides Monroe Doctrine, James Monroe addressed this policy to Congress: It made Europeans to not interfere with the Americas. Missouri Compromise made it possible for Missouri to be a slave state because the Congress can't prohibit them from being a slave state. It is protected under 5th Amendment. -
Spoils System
-
Monroe Doctrine
-
Gibbons v. Ogden
-
Corrupt Bargain
-
Erie Canal
-
Period: to
John Quincy Adams gets elected as president
The same guy who went with Clay on a private room.. No clue if the election is fair or not. Also son of John Adams. He believed in strong central government, ad creates national university, starts astronomical observatory because his passion for academic achievements, and found the naval academy. His father's influence gets to him, and made them view him as a strong president and a threat to individual liberties. -
Period: to
Andrew Jackson gets elected as president
He gets elected when he invented modern voting. He wanted to recreate Jeffersonian coalition, of Northern farmers & artisans, Southern slave owners, and farmers with small land holdings. He's known as "Old Hickery" as well as "King Mob." He threw some fists against American bank and almost got the country bankrupt. Kicked non-Democrats out and made Nullification Crisis. Also, executes Indian Removal Act. -
Indian Removal Act
-
Period: to
Transcendentalism
Ralph Waldo Emerson invented the philosophy, that basically romanticizes everything because the industry world is getting soulless. It sparks emotion over reason, individualism, progressive ideas. The idea likes nature as "perfect state," distrusts hierarchy, and uses spirituality that doesn't involve religion. -
Period: to
Whig Party
-
The Liberator
William Loyd Garrison made a newspaper because movements for reforms is forming. This one is for anti-slavery, the guy founded American Anti-Slavery Society. He allowed women to join in his speeches because he believed that women can potential abolitionists. However, it declines because women can't vote or have rights, so Women Sufferage groups emerged. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
-
Trail of Tears
-
Worshester v. Trial
-
Bank War
-
The Nullification (Crisis)
(1832-1833) Individual States can now eliminate any laws that are deemed unconstitutional. -
Texan Independence
-
Gag Rule
(1836-1844) Congress doesn't allow discussion of- ahem slavery. -
Specie Circular
-
Period: to
Martin Van Buren gets elected as president
He was president in Panic of 1837 as Democrat. US got into a really bad economic state and it almost got into depression. The issue was that he veto recharter of US Bank. Henry Clay was pro-bank, and ran anti-Masonic Party by William Wirt. Didn't really do much about it. -
Popular Sovereignty
-
The Schism
It's a time when different denominations of churches started to divide because everyone is divided about the views of slavery. The North believes that slavery is bad because slavery is banned in the North, while on the south, they use slaves for profit to stabilize south economy. Although, there are black churches that form due to the effects of Second Great Awakening. -
Utopian Cmmunities
(1841-1922) -
Period: to
William Henry Harrison gets elected as president
Harrison got elected because no one liked Buren anymore. The Panic of 1837 subsided, and it marks as the first two Whigs victory. He is the first president to die in office and basically killed Whig program. He died from getting a cold after a long inauguration speech. -
Period: to
John Tyler gets elected as president..
First president who came from Vice President to President, because Harrison died. He and Henry Clay don't agree with each other about bank bill. Tyler got expelled from Whigs, and veto tariff bill- then signed it in 1842 to protect northern manufacturers. -
Telegram
Samuel B. Morse, sent the first telegram message from Washington D.C to Baltimore. It allowed people to send messages from far away and better communication from across the country. It helped the Market Revolution. -
Irish Potato Famine
Ireland suffered through famine and disease. This resulted emigration that became the "Great Famine." 1.5 million people immigrated to America. Also 5 million Germans came to America as well. The population got cramp for the lower, already existing working class, which sparked nativist sentiments. -
"The North Star"
Federick Douglass founded the first anti-slavery. It's about a bright star, Polaris, that leads slaves up to North. He proved that black slaves can be smart and not a burden to society, and it made the south white community mad. Douglass grew up in slavery, then he escaped and got educated. -
Period: to
James Polk gets elected as president
One of the last Jacksonians to be in the White House, and last president before Civil War. He only served one term. -
Mexican-American War
1846 – Feb 2, 1848 -
Seneca Falls Convention
-
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
-
The California Gold Rush
-
Gold Rush
-
Period: to
Zachary Taylor gets elected as president
-
Clay's Compromise
-
Period: to
Millard Fillmore gets elected as president
-
Period: to
Franklin Pierce gets elected as president
-
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
-
Bleeding Kansas
1854-1859 -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-
Potawotamie Massacre
-
Dred Scott V. Sanford
-
Period: to
James Buchanan gets elected as president
-
OIL
-
Period: to
Abraham Lincoln gets elected as president
-
Fort Sumter
-
Period: to
Civil War
-
Homestead Act 1862
-
Pacific Railway Act of 1862
-
Antietam
-
Battle at Gettysburg
-
Vicksberg
-
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address vs. Wade-Davis Bill
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural is made in 1863, where the South has to swear and oath to the Union and the Constitution and agree to emancipation. At least 10% of voters should participate. Wade-Davis Bill (1864), however, proposed that 50% of the state's voters had to swear oaths of loyalty to the Union. It goes as far as to only hold non-Confederates to vote and have political offices. However, Lincoln did not sign it the bill, and was ultimately ignored. -
Emancipation Proclamation
-
Sherman's March to the Sea
Nov.-Dec. 1864 -
10% Plan
Abraham Lincoln -
13th Amendment
-
Appomattox
-
Freedmen Bureau (Acts)
(1865-1866) -
Period: to
Andrew Johnson gets elected as president
-
Period: to
Reconstruction
-
Johnson Impeachment
-
Period: to
Ulysses S. Grant gets elected as president
-
15th Amendment
-
"Jim Crow"
-
Period: to
Gilded Age
-
The Panic of 1873
-
Women's Christian Temperance Union
(WCTU) -
Munn v. Illinois
-
Battle of the Little Bighorn
June 25, 1876-June 26, 1876 -
Period: to
Rutherford B. Hayes gets elected as president
-
Bessemer Process
-
"New Immigrant"
-
Period: to
James Garfield gets elected as president
-
Period: to
Chester Arthur gets elected as president
-
Pendleton Act
-
Period: to
Grover Cleveland gets elected as president
-
Haymarket Square Riot
1886 -
The Dawes Act 1887
-
Gospel of Wealth
A book made by Andrew Carnegie -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
-
Wounded Knee Massacre
-
Vertical Integration + Horizontal Integration
monopoly irl made by Andrew Carnegie (Vertical Integration) -
U.S v. E. C. Knight
-
Plessy v. Ferguson
Apr 13, 1896 – May 18, 1896 -
Teller Amendment
-
The "Maine"
-
The Great Migration
With large numbers of white men joining the military, and factories gearing up to support a war effort, African Americans from the South move north to escape sharecropping and in search of opportunity. -
Northern Securities
The Court ruled 5 to 4 against the stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies, who had essentially formed a monopoly, and to dissolve the Northern Securities Company. -
Meat Inspection Act
-
Pure Food & Drug Act
-
Federal Reservation Act
-
Period: to
The Great War (WWI)
-
Kleating-Owens Act
-
CPI (Creel Committee)
Committee of Public Information (1917–1919) -
The Red Scare
(1917–1920) -
Sacco & Vanzetti
-
Period: to
The Roaring Twenties
-
Radio Stations
60 Radio stations broadcasting news, music, weather, and more stuff -
Stock Market bull run (6 years)
1923 -
Immigration Act 1924
-
The Immigration Act of 1924
Or National Origins Act; -
vehicles
25% of families own one -
Scopse Monkey Trial
-
Air Commerce Act
-
1928
39% increase stock prices -
Kellog-Briand Pact
-
26 million cars
1 billion spent in the end of the decade -
Period: to
The Great Depression
-
Emergency Bank Relief Act
-
National Industrial Recovery Act
-
Agriculture Adjustment Act
-
United States v. Butler
-
Period: to
"World War" (WWII)
-
Korematsu v. US
-
YALTA Conference
-
Truman Doctrine
-
Taft Harley Act
-
Marshall Plan (1948)
-
Berlin Airlift
-
NATO
-
Korean War
-
22nd Amendment
Established the precedent of only a two-term presidency, which becomes the 22nd Amendment in 1951. No one breaks the precedent until the 20th century. Washington feared that he might become the person he feared: he might get corrupted. -
Space Race
-
Vietnam War
-
Brown v. Board
-
WARSAW Pact
-
G.I. Bill
-
Period: to
Berlin War
-
Cuban Missile Crisis
-
Gideon v. Wainwright
-
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-
Voting Rights Act
-
Griswold v. Connecticut
-
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-
Interstate Highway Act of 1965
-
Miranda v. Arizona
-
Apollo 11 Mission
-
Tinker v. Des Moines
-
USSR collapses
-
9/11
-
APUSH Test
Thank you, Mr. Russell. 🫡