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Period: 4000 BCE to 3500 BCE
prehistory
there was a unification of the territory through the previous local communities, the nomos: Lower Egypt, whose main cities were Buto and Sais, and Upper Egypt, with capital in Hieracómpolis, adopting Horus as the main divinity. Conquered the delta of the Nile, towards 3000 a. C., Menes, from Tinis, will be considered by the epigeons of Manetón the founder of the first pharaonic dynasty. -
2400 BCE
ancient empire
In the so-called Old Empire, during the third dynasty, with Dyeser (Zoser), we find a domain of art and monumental architecture in stone. As of this moment, the three colossal pyramids of Seneferu, the Great Pyramid of Giza (Jufu), as well as that of Quefrén (Jafra) and Micerino (Menkaura) in the fourth dynasty The capital was established in Memphis and this period was a great period of economy. Trade is essential: wheat is exchanged for ebony wood, gold and spices. -
Period: 1700 BCE to 715 BCE
middle empire
they create a period of decentralization, reaching 20 different kingdoms. They form small territorial dynasties. They return to unify the country and create the so-called Middle Empire, the country extends from the first Nile Falls (Kush) to the Mediterranean Sea. Agricultural production increases and by 1990 a. C., under the pharaoh Amenemhat I the maximum territorial and economic development is reached. In 1830 a. C. the first irrigation plan is restored in Lower Egypt. -
Period: 520 BCE to 330 BCE
late period
Late period
This did not end the destabilizing processes coming from the Assyrians in the North and the Ethiopians in the South. The advance of the Persian empire towards 520 a. C. by the hand of King Cambyses II finally ruined the pharaonic empire and the dependence of Egypt for the first time on foreign kings. But it would be Alexander the Great who, in 332 a. C. would end up conquering the country. -
305 BCE
Greek and Roman domination
Egypt fell under the influence of Greek culture with the mere presence of Alexander the Great for less than a year who completely modified the Persian organization and made himself named Pharaoh. Dead Alexander, the Macedonian general Ptolemy I Sóter, who was already governor according to a cast made by the Alexandrian generals themselves, proclaims himself king in 305 BC. C. -
Period: 1516 to
modern age
Ottoman domination
Map of Cairo according to drawing of 1736
In 1516, the Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeated the Mamluks in Aleppo and Cairo in 1517. Egypt was considered a vassal state, not a province, and will be ruled at this time by the Pasha and the Beyes. The Mamluk emirs remained as chiefs of the twelve sanjaks, into which Egypt was divided; The Basques often made their decisions regardless of their wishes. The Turkish incuria led to the decline of the economy, -
Period: to
colonial egypt
Egypt in 1798 by Napoleon, recognized by the Ottoman Empire in the person of Mehmet as the heir dynasty of the country's throne in 1805. Until 1811, Mehmet got rid of the supporters of the Mamluks and placed Upper Egypt - the richest area and prosperous - under your total control. He fought and defeated the Wahhabis and in 1818, later, he conquered the holy cities of Mecca. Until 1827, in successive campaigns conquered Sudan -
Period: to
independent egypt
Independent egypt
In 1919 the nationalist party Wafd tries the independence of Egypt, without success. Egypt acquired independent status in 1922, naming Fuad I king, until then Sultan, as a result of the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, although the military presence and control of communications by the United Kingdom lasted until the invasion of Ethiopia by The Italians. The treaty that granted Egypt complete independence was signed on August 26, 1936.