-
originated in Italy as a small monarchy ruled by the Etruscans, became a republic after overthrowing the monarchy, and then ruled as an empire later. conquered lands and kept rebellions down because of military might. Notable emperors include Augustus and Julius Caesar.
-
-
controlled by Alexander of Macedon and his trusted officials, conquered Egypt and Greece all the way to the border of India at the Indus river, also known as the start of the Hellenistic Age. Only an empire for 13 years before Alexander died.
-
founded by Chandragupta Maurya and his advisor Kautalya, continued by grandson Ashoka, the largest empire of classical India also with a centralized government, declined due to administrative costs and other financial troubles,
-
Nomadic empire from Steppes region in Iran, believed to be the rightful owner of the Persian region, revolted against the Seleucid empire and became their own, modeled their society after Achaemenid dynasty, and notably fed horses alfalfa for more strength.
-
first attempt at centralized rule in China, Qin Shihuangdi first and only emperor, new roads and bridges for communication, Shihungdi is the emperor of the terracotta warriors
-
-
-
Han Wudi, the Martial Emperor, was the most successful of Han emperors. Han established a Confucian based imperial university. Vietnam and Korea were invaded and colonized. The dynasty defeated the nomadic Xiongnu and mastered iron metallurgy at home. Paper replaced bamboo as a writing slate.
-
-
located in the Northern highlands of Mexico, the main city Teotihuacan. the city promoted trade, commerce, and theocracy in the more metropolitan area. Did not have any defensive walls or a military, suggesting they were peaceful and were not warring.
-
A larger empire including Northern India, The Kushans pacified the North for safe use in the silk trade. The most prominent ruler was Kanishka. The empire also defeated the Indo-Greek Bactria as part of new land.
-
as a result of the unfair land distributions, peasant uprisings occurred. The most prominent was the Yellow Turban group. The dynasty collapsed into factions, and turned into regional kingdoms again.
-
the most interaction of cultures in the classical era either came about through trade between societies or by an empire mixing its conquered cultures together. The societies in the western hemisphere, i.e. the Mayans, did not trade or conquer other societies, so culture did not mix. The Roman empire itself and the trade connecting it to Persia, India, and China caused religions, physical goods, arts, and philosophies to interact.
-
The society was comprised of fighting city-kingdoms. The Maya religion required vigorous human sacrifice, animal sacrifice, and bloodletting rituals.Their sophisticated writing style had both symbols for characters and syllables. One larger city was the city of Tikal.
-
the dominant of Andean states, situated in valley of the Moche river, the paintings and ceramics survived tell us what the society was like. they specialized in labor projects for construction and items. they either did not write things down or any sort of writing is lost.
-
placed the imperial capital of Pataliputra in Magadha state, they gave administrative power to regions they conquered instead of overseeing all affairs. The dynasty fought the White Huns but was ultimately defeated and invaded.
-
The Roman republic, Persia, the Qin and Han dynasties, and the Mauryan Empire each had a centralized government. All were expanding their territory, such as the reconquering of China and the Romans takeover of Carthage. As a result of expanding, each faced conflicts either from inside or outside the society. Persia warred with Greece and defended against Alexander the Great, Rome faced a civil war and changed from a republic to an empire, The Mauryan empire lost finances,
-
And the Han Dynasty stirred up peasant rebellion. These similarities show the patterns of an empire.
-
-
From the classic period to today, there has been a tension between social and economic classes. In China peasants who lost their land to the wealthy due to bad distribution revolted and caused the Han dynasty to collapse. In early Rome the patricians and the plebeians fought over representation in the Senate. Even today the wealthy, the middle, and the lower class resent each other for who gets the best treatment.
-
