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One of the largest empires in West Africa; an important trade center within Mali's empire.
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Kingdom located in west-central Africa in present-day northern Angola; became a major source of slaves for Portuguese traders and other European powers.
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African kingdom. A society with a complex court system and gold trade.
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A trading empire that flourished in West Africa, that had many cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River.
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An expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus when he encountered the Americas. Picture retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Columbus/The-first-voyage
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The explorer Christopher Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia, but he never did.
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Agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over newly discovered lands. Picture retrieved from http://history-spain.blogspot.com/2014/12/analysis-of-map-tordesillas-treaty.html
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Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire.
Picture retrieved from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/05-06/cortes-tenochtitlan/]. -
115 English settlers arrived on Roanoke Island, first English settlers in the New World.
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The first permanent English settlement in America. Photo retrieved from [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/470626229780139133/].
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The Mayflower arrived in Plymouth Harbor in 1620, after first stopping near today's Provincetown.
Photo retrieved from [https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/the-real-story-of-plymouth-rock/] -
The Royal Grant and Charter for the new colony of Maryland was then granted to his son, Cecile. Picture retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Calvert,_1st_Baron_Baltimore
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Laws passed by the English Parliament to regulate shipping and maritime commerce. They also increased colonial revenue by taxing the goods going to and from British colonies. Picture retrieved from [http://1770s.blogspot.com/2008/11/navigation-acts.html].
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Was an armed conflict between English colonists and the American Indians of New England in the 17th century.
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First rebellion in the American colonies; Governor Berkeley's refusal to retaliate for a series of Native American attacks on settlements. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/news/bacons-rebellion-jamestown-colonial-america].
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Second in a series of wars fought between Great Britain and France in North America for control of the continent.
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Series of Christian revivals that swept Britain and its Thirteen Colonies. The movement puts greater importance on the individual and his or her spiritual experience. Picture retrieved by [https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening].
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The Seven Years' War was a global war fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved all five European great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines.
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Aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and molasses from the French and Dutch West Indies and to provide increased funds after the French and Indian war. Picture retrieved from [https://www.carolana.com/SC/Royal_Colony/The_Sugar_Act_1764.html].
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An act regulating stamp duty (a tax on the legal recognition of documents). Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/stamp-act].
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The act granted the company the right to ship its tea directly to the colonies without first landing it in England. Picture retrieved from [https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/the-tea-act].
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The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation. Picture retrieved from [https://www.britannica.com/event/Intolerable-Acts].
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It was an official act taken by all 13 American colonies in declaring independence from British rule. Picture retrieved from [https://themetdet.com/the-declaration-of-independence/].
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American victory and turning point in the Revolution. Picture retrieved from [https://www.britannica.com/event/Battles-of-Saratoga].
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The Articles of Confederation are ratified after nearly four years. PIcture retrieved from [https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/ratification-of-the-constitution--24].
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The defeat of the British at Yorktown prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the American Revolution and give the colonist their freedom. Picture retrieved from [https://www.britishbattles.com/war-of-the-revolution-1775-to-1783/battle-of-yorktown/].
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Series of violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts. Picture retrieved from [https://www.thoughtco.com/shays-rebellion-causes-effects-4158282].
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Chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. Picture from [https://www.thoughtco.com/northwest-ordinance-of-1787-4177006].
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The constitution became the official framework of the government of the United States of America. Picture retrieved from [https://theapopkavoice.com/day-constitution-ratified/].
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Tax protest in the United States. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/early-us/whiskey-rebellion].
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These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/early-us/alien-and-sedition-acts].
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the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or approximately eighteen dollars per square mile, the United States nominally acquired a total of 828,000 sq mi. Picutre from [https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/louisiana-purchase].
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An attempt by President Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress to prohibit American ships from trading in foreign ports. Picture retrieved from [https://www.sutori.com/item/the-embargo-act-1807-us-attempt-to-protect-their-neutrality-in-war-between].
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Conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain over British violations of U.S. maritime rights. It ended with the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty of Ghent
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U.S. victory in central Alabama over Native Americans opposed to white expansion into their territories and which largely brought an end to the Creek War. Picture retrieved from [https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-horseshoe-bend-2361366].
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Legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state. Picture retrieved from [https://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plans/lesson-1-early-threat-secession-missouri-compromise-1820-and-nullification-crisis].
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An armed conflict, the culmination of a political and social process that ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. Picture retrieved from [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qdmcg].
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The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. Picture retrieved from [https://www.fox4news.com/news/texas-declared-its-independence-from-mexico-183-years-ago-on-march-2].
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Helped to fulfill America's "manifest destiny" to expand its territory across the entire North American continent; fought between the U.S. and Mexico.
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This treaty, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war between the United States and Mexico. Picture retrieved [https://www.history.com/topics/mexican-american-war/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo].
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Five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. Picture retrieved [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_1850].
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It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. PIcture retrieved from [http://www.ushistory.org/us/31a.asp].
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The United States Supreme Court issues a decision, affirming the right of slave owners to take their slaves into the Western territories,. Picture retrieved [https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/march-6-1857-supreme-court-issues-dred-scott-decision/].
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South Carolina acted first, calling for a convention to secede from the Union. State by state, conventions were held, and the Confederacy was formed. Picture retrieved from [https://www.sutori.com/item/secession-of-south-carolina-the-secession-of-south-carolina-was-when-the-people].
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The Civil War began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people.
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It was the first major battle of the Civil War and resulted in a Confederate victory. Picture retrieved [https://www.history.com/news/remembering-the-first-battle-of-bull-run].
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The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Retrieved from [https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0629/Emancipation-Proclamation-fetches-2.1-million-at-auction].
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Became the largest battle ever fought in the U.S., started out as a chance encounter between the Union and Confederate Forces; described as the war's turning point. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-should-know-about-the-battle-of-gettysburg].
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Sherman's March to the Sea was a military campaign of the American Civil War. Picture retrieved from [https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/shermans-march].
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While attending a play in Washington, D.C., lincoln was hot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died the following day. Picture retrieved from [https://www.businessinsider.com/interview-with-the-last-living-witness-of-the-lincoln-assassination-2019-7].
