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Dante wrote the Divine Comedy )Commedia) from 1308 to 1320, completing the work the year before he died. the Diveing Comedy is one of literature's boldest undertakings, as Dante takes us through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory, and then reaches Heaven (Paradiso), where he is permitted to partake of the Beatific Vision.
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C anterbury Tales is a colllection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly in verse, although some are in prose) are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel togethere on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.
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He was a Flemish painter active in Bruges and considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century.
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The Visconti family established themselves as dukes of Milan and extended their power over all Lombardy. After the last Visconti ruler died Francesco Sforza then conquered the city and became its new duke.
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The statue of St George, made in about 1420, is one of the most important works in his devlopment. In this work the sculptor had broken with the Gothic style of statues and their solemn rows of saints. St George is totally real,steadfast, and determined in his defiance of any enemy that may approach
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Charles entered Italy with 25,000 men(including 8,000 Swiss mercenaries) in 1494 and marched across the peninsula, reaching Naples on February 22, 1495. The French army subdued Florence in passing and took Naples without a pitched battle or siege. Alfonso was expelled and Charles was crowned King of Naples
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The Ninety-Five Theses centers on practices within the Catholic Church Regarding baptism and absolution. Significantly, the Theses reject the balidity of indulgences (remissions of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven).
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Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination". He is widely considered to be on of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented ever to have lived.
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IN January 1521, Pope Leo X excommunicaterd Luther. Three months later, Luther was called to defend his beliefs before Holy roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms, where he was famously defiant. For his refusal to recant his writings, the emperor declared him an outlaw and a heretic. Luther was protected by powerful German princes, however, and by his death in 1546 , the course of Western civilzation had been significantly altered.
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He was a Florentine politician who retired from public service to write at reflections on the way things "ought to be, Machiavelli focussed on the way things are, illustrating his own intensely practical convictions with frequent examples from the historical record.
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Thousands of troops belonging to the Spanish kin Charles arrived at the city of Rome along with mercenaries from different countries. The mercenary were not paid. So then, the mercenary army began to fire a cannon ball at the fortress on the Tiber. The next morning, the Roman nobility decided, in a hastily called meeting, to comply with all demands.
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In 1494 at age of sixteen Castiglione began his humanist studiesin Milan, which would eventually inform his future writings. In 1499 after the death of his fater Castiglione left his studies and Milan to succeed his father as the head of their noble family.
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In October 1531, war broke out between the Protestant and Catholic states in Switzerland. Zurich's army was routed, and Zwingli was found wounded on the battlefield. His enemies killed him, cut up his body, and burned the pieces, scattering the ashes.
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The name "Act of Supremacy" is given to two separate acts of the English Parliament, one passed in 1534 and the other in 1559. Both acts had the same purpose; to firmly establish the English monarch as the official head of the Church of England, supplanting the power of the Catholic pope in Rome.
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Erasmus was a classical scholar who wrote in a pure Latin style and enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists." He has been called "the crowining glory of Christian humanists.
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The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits, was founded by a Spanish nobleman, Ignatius of Loyola. Loyola gathered together a small group of followers, which was recognized as a religious order by the pope in 1540.
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In march 1554 a group of cardinals, archbishops, abbots, and theologians met in the city of trent on the border between Germany, and Italy
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this agreement formally accepted the division of Christianiy in Gemany. The German States were now free to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism. The peace settlement did not recognize the principle of religious toleration for individuals, however.
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Mary was a Catholic who wanted to restore England to Roman Catholicism. However, hte way she went about it had the opposite effect. Among other actions, she had more than three hundred Protestants burned as heretics, earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary."
