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Socio-Economic Factors
China was ruled by the imperial Manchu Dynasty.
Most of the population were extremely poor peasants,they had to pay taxes for the Manchu Imperial Court.
China population grow 8% more, and land cultivated only 1%.
Landlords increased rents, somo peasants had to pay 80% of their harvest. -
Period: to
Causes of the Chinese civil war
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The Overthrow of the Manchu Dysnasty
There was a growing feeling that the ruling Manchu Dynasty should be overthrow so that democracy could be introduced and Westernized.
Manchu´s political weakness increased with the death of the emperor and tow years old Pu Yi siccession. The emperor´s brother ruled instead but he just made things worst.
the dynasty was finally overthrow with the Double Tenth Revolution -
GMD Party (Guomindang)
At first, the Party made little progress of fulfilling their Three Principles.
The General Jiang Jieshi took leadership of the Party.
The Party wanted to unify China by getting rid of the Warlords -
Warlords
China broke into small states and providences controlled by a Warlord with his private army.
Each warlord ran its territory independently with their own laws and currencies -
The May Fourth Movement
Mass demonstration of students in Beijing against the Warlords, traditional Chinese Culture and aslso the Japanese
It started when the Versailles settlement gave to Japan Germanys former concessions in Shandond providence.
Importance: Change and rebirth China as an independent and proud nation -
CCP Party (Chinese Communist Party)
This Party Supported the GMD Party, their start investing, providing aid and assistance.
The Party membership was mainly formed by intellectuals, with no military strenght = join GMD.
Both, the GMD and CCP partys wanted to unify China -
The First United Front
Both Partys wanted to end the Warlord era, and also they agreed that China needed to be free of foreign imperialist powers. However, Jiang wasn not a communist, so he started to remove communists from key positions of the Party, he needed first to end with the Warlords -
The Northern Expedition
The CCP and the GMD set out the Expedition to crush the Warlords of northern and central China. the operation eas a success. By 1927, the GMD and the CCP captured Shangai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Beijing in 1928.
Nanjing became the new capital and seat of the goverment -
The White Terror
After ther Northern Expedition success, idiology divided both party.
The communist had support of peasants due of the promise of land,and also support rom industrial workers.
Jiand decided he could not longer tolerate the CCP, so he decided to crush the CCP and its support for the GMD could unify China.
5,000 communists were shot -
Purification Movement
The purification movement was the massacre of thousands of communists carried by the GMD making attacks in other cities, it also massacre trade unionists and peasant leaders.
A quarter of a million people were killed, (250,000) the CCP was almost crushed
