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Period: 130 BCE to 1453
Silk Route Trade
This route linked China and the west, that carried goods and culture from city to city. The Han dynasty in China opened trade in the West, then the Ottoman Empire boycotted trade with China and closed them.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLeIclx2lAU -
1275
Marco Polo
Marco Polo returned to Venice, again via the Silk Road routes, in 1295, just as the Mongolian Empire was in decline. His journeys across the Silk Road became the basis for his book, The Travels of Marco Polo, which gave Europeans a better understanding of Asian commerce and culture. -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
The closing of the Silk Road forced merchants to take to the sea this intimating the Age of Discovery which led to work-wide interaction and the beginnings of a global community. Its closure would propel Europeans across the ocean to explore, and eventually conquer, the so-called New World of the Americas. In this way, the Silk Road can be said to have established the groundwork for the development of the modern world. -
The British East India Company
Was one of the first joint-stock companies
Received and English Royal Charter Dec 31,1600- Elizabeth I
Gave the Co. a 21 Year monopoly on all trade in India
From a trading company to political power in India -
The Black Hole of Calcutta
A small prison or dungeon in Fort William where troops of Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, that held British prisoners of war for three days on 20 June 1756. -
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Seven Years War
The French were pushed out of India after the 7 Years War. The primary goal was trade and financial gain. Early on it maintained the structure of the Mughal dynasty - very costly
Europeans took over in the middle of a civil war https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upcQ8IAxpV4 -
Battle of Plassey
The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757, under the leadership of Robert Clive. The battle consolidated the Company's presence in Bengal, which later expanded to cover much of India over the next hundred years -
Indian Civil Service (ISC)
The ISC was created to control the vast empire that was the Raj- continued to expand in their control through military force or threatened force. Local inhabitants began to be trained for these positions as there were not enough British citizens to govern the vast empire. In 1835, English became the official language of higher education in Indian Civil Service. -
Indian Mutiny (Sepoy Mutiny)
The Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny, was discontent among the former rulers (Mughal officials and Indian rulers). They played on religious fears and wanting to convert Indians Muslims and Hindus to Christianity. Immediate cause was the issuance of new rifle cartridges. It Started in Meerut and spread with other Sepoys -
Gandhi's Father Dies
When Gandhi was 16 his father got very sick. He was supposed to be taking care of his father but instead he left him to go sleep. That night, his father passed. This left Gandhi with a great sense of failure to his one real sense of duty and obligation. This is considered to be one of his most important moments in his young life, because he felt a great deal of resentment. -
Indian National Congress
The INC Goals were: Democracy, Local Self-Rule, Prevent mass peasant uprising (like China) by keeping power centered on middle class leaders. -
Gandhi Was Thrown off a Train
Gandhi had a job offer came from South Africa, he booked a first class train ticket. He was thrown off train after refusing to take 3rd class seat. He sat on the platform all night. He called this "the most creative experience of his life." He claims to have found god in a god forsaken country and that his concerns grew beyond himself. This was the second important event in his young adulthood that shaped who he was as a person. -
The Muslim League Forms
The Muslim League Forms Goals were: to protect the interests, liberties and rights of Muslims and to promote an understanding between the muslim community and other Indians (discourage violence) Muslims distrusted Hindu domination of the INC. -
Zulu Revolt
The Zulu revolt was against British rule and taxation in Natal, South Africa, in 1906. The Zulus fought against the "Poll Tax." Gandhi observed the Zulu rebellion which led him to view oppression in a new light. -
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World War I
World War I began in 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). By the time the war was over and the Allied Powers claimed victory, more than 16 million people, soldiers, and civilians, were dead.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHSQAEam2yc -
Amritsar Massacre
The British were losing their handle on their occupation of India, they were looking to send a message to all of India. Gen. Dyer made a law that you couldn’t have mass meetings (assemble). The Indians held a meeting in retaliation in the square to hold a peaceful demonstration; suppose to be a day of prayer and fasting (sick out). Gandhi was not present here. The British (Sepoys) fought violently and killed people in the square. The Sepoys only stopped firing because they ran out of bullets. -
Salt March
British law claimed that the British had sole right to produce and sell salt in India. Gandhi wrote to Viceroy stating his intent to break the law. Along with 78 followers, he marched 240 miles to the sea. By the time he reached the shore, on April 6, thousands of people had joined the march. He disregarded the law against salt making, and he made a stand against the British rule. -
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World War II
World War II was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries. Sparked by the 1939 Nazi invasion of Poland, the war dragged on for six years until the Allies defeated Nazi Germany and Japan in 1945.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUqy-OQvVtI -
"Quit India Now" Speech
Gandhi wanted Britain to leave and give all the power back to India.
He didn't want his people to give in, he encouraged them to disobey.
Ghandi said, “Cooperation in any shape or form with this satanic government is sinful.” Of course he promoted a peaceful, non-violent rebellion.
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnnV-wp4-dU] -
India's Independence
Hindus fleeing to India and Muslims escaping to Pakistan. It became two different independent countries. The Prime Minister of India made a famous speech promoting non-violence against British rule. The migration of the people resulted in more than one million deaths. The independence partition was tough, and there are still tensions to this day. -
Gandhi's Death
It was the 6th attempt on his life. The assassin, Nathuram Godse was angry at Gandhi for preaching peace with Pakistan. He shot Ghandi three times at point blank. Ghandi was 78 years old and was on his way to pray, and Godse emerged from the crowd and shot him. Ghandi put his hands up and cried out God's name, as if he was accepting his murder. Many were shocked and heartbroken that their beloved leader was dead.
