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1096 to 1291. A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. Christians were trying to reclaim the Holy Land, Palestine. It was unsuccessful campaign, but expanded trade routes
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The samurai were warriors loyal to the shogun of Japan and would die for them. If they ever failed, they practice seppuku, a ritualistic suicide.
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- A time of great discovery and renewal of art. Started the Protestant Reformation, and cleaned up the church. This is when Di Vince and Michelangelo started painting and creating.
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started 1337. England and France were fighting over the land of France. It was not continuous, but a series of wars. Over 3 million people died fighting in the 100 Year War.
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The Black Death reached Europe in 1347. It killed more than a third of the population, and effected everyone. Because prayer wasn't stopping the plague, many people lost faith in the church and went to find other reasons for the plague.
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Zheng He was a Chinese explorer under the Ming Dynasty. He sailed to all parts of Asia and Eastern Africa.
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The slave trade began in the 15th century, but only expanded when exploration and colonization began. It grew when the Triangular Trade began, taking Africans to the Americas to work to produce materials and resources. Slave Trade ended in the early 1800's, but slavery didn't end until later, in the US in 1865.
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Joan of Arc was burned to death because of charges of heresy for the Church. She was a leader in the French army and won over the English.
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Johannes Gutenberg invented the first interchangeable printing press, meaning that he could move the letters around. The printing press allowed books to be made much faster, which means that the public had access to the Bible.
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Constantinople was attacked by the Ottomans in the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople was one of the largest trading cities, connecting the Silk Road to Europe. The fall ended the Eastern Roman Empire and started a time of expansion for the Ottomans.
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The Spanish rulers, King Ferdinand and his wife, decided that Catholicism is the only religion to be allowed in Spain. This began the persecution of the protestants and Jews.
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King Henry the VIII is best know for is 6 wives, but also creating the Church of England. He wanted a annulment with his first wife, but the church wouldn't give it to him, so he created his own.
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Christopher Columbus is one of the first Europeans to land in the Americas. He was looking for a new route to reach India, but hit a new continent.
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The Colombian Exchange was the spread of goods between the newly discovered Americas and Europe. The exchange brought many goods, but also disease to the natives of the Americas.
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George McCartney was a British statesman remembered for his success in the Seven Years War.
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The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Di Vince, and is one of his most famous works. It is a portrait of a woman who is smiling (maybe). It is debated who the woman is, but no one really knows for sure.
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The Sistine Chapel is Michelangelo's most famous work. He painted the ceiling of a church, and is one of the most famous Renaissance works.
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The Prince is a book written by Machiavelli. It is a book about how to lead a country without problems. It says to be ruthless, and this is where we get the phrase "the ends justify the means".
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The Battle of Chaldiran was between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire, who ruled in present day Iraq. The battle was finished with the Ottomans winning, decreasing the power of the Safavid Empire, leading to their fall.
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Martin Luther wrote a list of things the church was doing wrong and publicly published it. The list included indulgences and financial abuse by the clergy. It is considered the start of the Protestant Reformation
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During the rule of Suleyman 1, land was gained for the Ottomans, and tax systems were put in place. He also worked to end corruption in his government. The Ottoman Empire reached its peak under his rule.
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Cortez was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521. He was allowed to visit the Aztec king, Montezuma, who was killed. Cortez took gold and silver, and made the Aztecs who didn't die of disease slaves,
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Pizarro was a Spanish Conquistador that defeated the Inca Empire, in western South America. There weren't many battles fought for the empire because the thing that killed the most Incas was disease. Pizarro left Peru for a while and came back and found most of the natives dead.
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The counter reformation was the Church's response to the protestant reformation. It was a time of cleaning up the church, including getting rid of indulgences, financial abuse by the clergy, and organization.
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The Peace of Augsburg settled some fighting within the Holy Roman Empire about the Reformation. It said that the prince of a region was to decide what religion would be the main religion in an area.
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Queen Elizabeth was the second daughter of King Henry VIII, an is one of the longest reigning royalties in history. She was Anglican, like her father, and persecuted Catholics in England.
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The Spanish Armada was like the Spanish navy. It was a fleet of warships and tried to invade England in 1588. The ships were defeated and then battered by storms, nearly completely destroying the fleet.
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The Edict of Nantes was signed and put in place by King Henry IV. The edict allowed the french protestants freedoms that they otherwise wouldn't have. This switched France from a primarily catholic country into a mixed religious.
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William Shakespeare is one of the world's most recognizable playwrite, writing plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and A Midsummer's Night Dream. His plays helped spread humanism and human emotion.
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The Taj Mahal is a great palace built in memory of the wife of Shah Jahan, a Persian emperor. The Taj Mahal is recognized as one of the Wonders of the World.
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The Opium war was a war fought between the United Kingdom and Qing Dynasty in China. The fighting was over trade, especially tax of opium.
