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In 1095 the pope called a meeting of church leaders. 10,000 Europeans joined the military's mission to take the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Crusades ended in 1291 with the Muslims still in control. European kings gained power, they used crossbows, and increased trade.
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The Renaissance ( meaning rebirth) was a time period after the Black Death. It was brought about by a wealthy middle class, and loss in the faith of god. The renaissance had a big historical impact when it came to the arts, and philosophy.
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From 1337 to 1453. It was a long struggle over the succession to the French throne. Fought between France and England. England had land but wanted more land.
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The plague called the Black Death swept through Europe. Began in Asia, spread to different ports via trading ships. 1/3 of Europe's population died. People's faith in God was shaken, church lost power, workers demanded higher wages, and the relations between the upper and lower classes.
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The Ming dynasty began in 1368 and ruled until 1644. It was the big power in all of China, a period of native Chinese leadership. That was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang.
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He went on voyages from 1405 to 1433, in order to extend China's influence. A Chinese Muslim admiral led seven voyages around the Indian Ocean as far as Africa. To show China's power Zheng He saild with huge fleets of as many as 300 ships.
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Happened during the 100 year war. She had visions about what was going to happen to France. Was convicted of heresey, and burned at the stake.Was at the battle of Orleans. 19 when burned.Symbol of the resurgance of France.
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Johannes Gutenberg is the re-inventor of the printing press. It was a huge deal back in the day, when they had to hand write books. One of the greatest inventions in history.
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Mehemed II surrounded Constantinople and after 2 months the city fell. They conquered it using gun powder; it was something that had been invented in China. After the wall fell the Ottoman soldiers flooded in. They killed and enslaved thousands.
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In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue. It was a voyage meant to go to China, but they ended up in present day Cuban Islands. Columbus still believed that he had landed in China, and returned without realizing that he had arrived somewhere else.
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Due to a religious change the Jews, Gyspies, and Moors were Expelled from spain. Ferrand Martinez began an anti-jew rally that spread quickly across the countries. He called on all Christians to destroy the Jewish religion.
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Vasco da Gama was a Portugese explorer who was the first explorer to reach India via: the Atlantic ocean. He sailed from Lisbon Portugal in July of 1497. He anchored in Malindi, on the east coast of Africa. Then went from there to India.
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Slave trade across the atlantic ocean, also known as transatlantic slave trade, began in the 16th century. The vast majority of those enslaved were deported to the new world. The Portugese were the first to engage in slave trade. That was what started slavery in America. 1500-1800
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Persian Muslims built the Safavid empire, due to the split of the Sunni and Shia sects. The founder of the Empire was a 14 year old boy who was named Esma'il. The boy chose the religion of the Safavid to be Shiism. 1501-1722
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Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most important artists of the reniassance. He painted many famous things including the Last Super, and the Mona Lisa. On top of that he was a genius for his time. He brought many important pieces of art to history. 1503-1506
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In a letter to his friend a Florentine explorer calls the present day western hemisphere the new world. After the letter was published it quickly spread through Europe. Telling the people of that time all about the New World and sparking instrest in the eyes of many.
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Micahelangelo began painting the Sistine Chapel in 1508. It was on the ceiling of the chapel, and is one of the most renowned paintings in the world. It is an important painting because it marks the start of the Rennaissance.
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Martin Luther was a man of god, who is very important to religion today. He posted his 95 theses on a door of a church in the roman empire. It was a big controversy and is a relic today.
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He started the voyage with a crew of aorund 220 men. After 3 months of travel he anchored in present day Rio de Janero. It was important to the finding and knowledge of the "new world".
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The Mughal Empire, was self-designated as Gurkani, was a Persiana empire thaat extending over large parts of the India. It was ruled by a dynasty of Turkish origin. It lasted until 1857.
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Henry VIII created the Protestant Church of England so he could divorce his first wife. She could not bear a son, so he wouldn't have a male heir. This event created the Protestant Church.
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Spanish Conquistadors invaded the Inca Empire under the leadership of Pizarro. The Incan Empire ruled parts of present day Peru, Ecuador, and Chile. It helped the Spaniards settle into the south.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the most important reniassance mathmaticians. He formulated the idea that the earth revolved around the sun, instead of vice-versa. His theory ended up being one of the first important astronomical discoveries.
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Pope Paul III was the founder of the council of Trent. The members examined the criticisms made by Protestants about their practices as a religion. This clarified the Catholic teaching on important parts of the religion. Above all the counsil argued that only the church could help you find salvation. 1545-1563
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He wanted to spread the Roman Catholic faith. King Phllip II also wanted to conquer England. He wanted England to stop raiding his ships, and ordered the Spanish Armada. 1556-1598
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After the death of Bloody Mary, Queen Elizabeth I was crowned queen. She returned the country of England to the Protestant Church. Parliment helped her do so, by passing laws that favorited Protestantism.
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This is the period of time where philosophers began to view reason as the best way to understand truth. The conlucsion was had that reason could be used to solve all human problems. This time of optimism and possibility is known as the Age of Enlightnment. 1600-1792
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Jamestown was the first colony sent by England to live in America. It was located in present day Virginia. Named after King James, the settlement started the colonization of Northern America.
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In 1643 the son of Louis XIII, was crowned king of France. He became king at a very young age with his mother as his regent. He started the tradition of absolute monarchy, and stole the influence of nobles. He was the builder of Versailles.
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The Quig dynasty was the last dynasty in 2,500 years of imperial rule. Under the Quig dynasty's Manchu rulers, China again grew prosperous. It expanded to its largest time in history.
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Thomas Hobbes wrote about his views on the government. He believed that people needed governments to impose order. He was initially the person who created the idea of a "social contract". And he believed in an absolute monarchy.
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Cromwell was first a member of Parliment, but rose in power until he became King. Those who left were called the "rump" parliment. Cromwell abolished monarchy, and England became a commonwealth. He was a skliled but stict ruler, and closed down theaters and limited other forms of entertainment.
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Peter removed his sister from the throne at age 17. He was determined to bring the Western culture to Russia. He is considered the founder of modern Russia for his efforts.
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A german princess who married Peter the Great. Her husband became Czar and many people grew angry with his weak rules. Catherine II was declared czarina of Russia. She tried to reform Russia, an absolute monarch. 1762-1796
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A social and poilitcal structure called the "Old Order", or ancien régime, created inequalities in French society. By spring of 1789 no group was happy, and people were starving due to unemloyment. The storming of bastille resulted in the fall of Bastille, and it resulted in the French Revollution.
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The U.S. constitution was written by James Madison. It recognized that the government was made to serve its people, and it was the founding of the 3 different parts of the government we have today. It separated it into the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive branches; in order to give the government a system of checks and balances.
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The Reign of Terror was a period of violence after the onset of the French Revolution. They took drastic measures to prevent a counterrevolution, against a government established by a revolution. They started a series of accusations, trials, and executions that became known as the reign of terror.
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In 1799 Napolean Bonaparte became the head of the French government. He was first a brilliant military leader, who achieved many early successes. The fall of the French government helped him have his coup d'état.
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In the year 1815 Napolean was fighting a battle against Prussians. After becoming the ruler of France he soon faced many battles. He was defeated at waterloo and it had a big impact on the uphold of the french government.
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Founded by a man name Tokugawa Ieyasu in the village of Edo, that is present day tokyo. It was a very prosperous but strict time. This time period was a very seclusive one for them. For 200 years of the time period trade was shut out from all other countries except the Dutch.
