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The Beginning of Nation States
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Henry II uses accepted customs to lay the foundation for the English legal system.
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Philip Augustus became king of France. Instead of summoning nobles to do his bidding and running his errands he paid middle class deputies who owed him loyalty and he also made a new national tax. Philip magnified royal land holding by 4 times the original size and he did it through trickery, diplomacy, war gaining him control over English-ruled lands in Normandy,Anjou, and other places.He took over France and sent knights to attack a group of heretics to gain more land.
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King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta (great character) and it did 2 important things. 1) forced monarchs to obey the laws and 2) gave nobles rights, that were later extended to all free-men
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Louis becomes king of France. he is deeply religious, but he oppresses heretics, or those who held beliefs relating to church teachings, but he did everything he needed to do to make his nation a better place federally, religiously and personally
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Philip rallied french support by setting up the estates general in 1302. the body had representatives from all three estates, or classes of french society: clergy, nobles, and townspeople, even the though french kings who later came consulted the estates, it never gained the power of the purse or otherwise served as a balance to royal power.
