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Significant as the Mongols would be one of the most influential nomads in history
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A trade route throughout the Indian ocean mainly focusing on SE Asia, Africa and India. This route had a very popular product of spice which became a huge part in European food and was traded extremely widely. This trading was also dependent on the monsoon winds. There was also lots of new tech like the lateen sail and the astrolabe and compass which helped with travel and transportation.
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The silk road throughout this time period was mostly protected by the pax-mongolia which is a peace under the Mongol empire. Many goods like silk and porcelain religion like Buddhism and tech like saddles or paper money. Another important development were trade route cities which developed due to the location on the route and that provided great stopping points for traveling merchants.
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A trade route that was impossible to go from west Africa to the middle east because horses couldn't stand the heat. Eventually camels were discovered with saddles and stirrups which made the rout possible. The big products were from Africa due to them being wealthy in salt and gold. New techs and religions that raveled were caravans and Islam.
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This was significant as the empire was split and broken into many other states
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Significant due to the fact China invented gunpowder and champa rice. Gunpowder became extremely used later in history. Champa rice was able to grow insanely fast and feed China's growing population. Also made Confucianism their main religion.
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Throughout the Mongol dominance they created land section led by 4 separate rulers(khanates). The lands were china which the Mongols made the Yuan dynasty, the middle east led by Kublai khan and Russia and ,Russia was led using indirect rule.
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Significant as the empire centralized trade which helped their leader, Mansa Musa, become the richest man of all time. They also became a huge trading hub.
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Mansa Musa in 1324 went on a historic hajj to the holy city of mecca. This Hajj represents the spread of wealth, religion, technology, and knowledge.
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War with France vs the Holy Roman Empire over government disagreements
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Significant as it was a method of centralization of power by the Ottomans. They recruited many boys (predominantly Christian boys) from conquered lands into their military.
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An exchange of animals and crops as well as disease between Europe and the Americas
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Significant as it was a result of Islam and Hinduism interacting in India. Combined what Guru Nanak believed to be good practices and beliefs from both faiths. Demonstrates the result of interconnections of religions in a region.
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The world was basically a giant pie and everyone wanted a bigger piece of the pie.
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An example is the Portuguese as they controlled the spice trade over the oceanic trade routes
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It was significant because it changed the course of Christianity's influence in Europe and across the world. The Protestant reformation caused competition between newly converted protestant states and states that remained Catholic. The Protestant reformation weakened the Pope’s influence in Europe.
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An event where over 10 million people were shipped to Americas from Africa for personal gain
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Significant as it demonstrated a form of authority legitimizing and centralizing rule. To generate profits, along with balancing the weight of greater borders, the Mughals taxed subjugated peoples, especially farmers.
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Important as it was the structure of the government during the time and would later be taken over
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Significant in demonstrating religious divide with Islam. Ottoman Sunnis and Safavid Shias opposed each other stemming from religious disagreements. This led to tensions between the two politically.
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With the development of new tech also came the development of new labor ideas and workforces. The workers were treated extremely poorly in coal mines and factories but made very important inventions. Many inventions like the steam engine made travel over sea so much faster and easier industrialization also made the start of social classes and it made life a lot better due to the new tech.
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The people re-evaluating their rights that they deserve creating the natural rights. Also the re-evaluation of the power in the government to give the people more power and this was a cause and result of many revolutions
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After the people mainly the lower class did not like their power imbalance and their lack of food they wanted to gain more power in the government's decisions. This led to more balanced government everywhere and a spark of more revolutions
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After being enslaved by the French the slaves of Haiti revolted after being inspired by the French revolution. This revolution being the first by only a group of slaves being led by toussaint louverture. This resolution being the first slave revolution that was successful was able to inspire many other revolution.
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Significant as it prompted expansion and rivalry of European powers. In part fueled by social darwinism, nationalism was the belief that a certain people from a nation were superior to their neighbors and beyond. Caused tensions and conflicts, led to European expansion.
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Significant as it demonstrated economic imperialism. The British never really colonized China so much as they financially used the Chinese, such as getting the population addicted to opium for increased profit. Britain fought China after they attempted to ban opium.
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with the spread of new political beliefs also came the new economies. These economies were made by like government intervention. Capitalism was more of a government that was led by the people while communism was more led by the government . Capitalism being proven as better came out at dominant with most countries adopting it
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Significant as subjugated people gave their responses to imperialism. Included direct resistance in the form of revolt, indirect resistance such as boycotts, and the establishment of newly independent states.
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Significant as it was a justification used by European [powers to colonize various lands. Darwin’s theory of evolution, mixed with racist ideals, resulted in the pseudoscientific topic which was believed and spread as fact.
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A significant example of the abuses of European imperialism. King Leopold III took control of the Congo in Africa, and was notorious for his strict and inhumane punishments on the natives. The Congo was valuable for its abundant resources, importantly rubber.
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Allies vs Central Powers . Chemical warfare and machine guns. Trench warfare with No Man’s Land (endless stalemate) Was a Total war (a war where the country does everything that they can) German sunk a US ship and the US intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram causing the US to join the war.
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Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Militarism: New weapons and built their military with Industrialization , Alliances: Tensions makes an agreement of countries (If one country attacks my alliance will help) ,Imperialism: Countries wanted to take other countries and control ,Nationalism : Wanted to make their own nation the best and exclude others
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Russia was a mess and was behind. People in power were unjust therefore the people revolted. Bolsheviks revolted and won with Lenin with Communist government
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Stalin's plan after world war 2 to expand Russia into a more and better communist country. This plan led to lots of dead mostly because of starvation due to collectivization of crops. But it did success in helping Russia industrialize better and have an a big ally with china.
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German Reparations were too high and caused hyperinflation and a global depression. Rise of the Nazi party (Adolf Hitler) and caused Jews to be hated by the party.
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German invasion of Poland with fast and massive strikes (Blitzkrieg) Britain thought they were next and asked US to help with materials. Germany tried to invade Russia and it was extremely cold. Japan bombed Pearl Harbor which angered the US even more and declared war on Japan. (Another total War) Japan would not give up so The US dropped 2 atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Before and After ww2 due to a weakened Europe many countries like India and countries in Africa wanted their freedom. This led to many peaceful ad violent movements against Europe which ended with many countries gaining independence. This independence was because the European countries had to little to defend their ownership of the countries and they would lose more than they would gain if they kept their ownership
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Significant in demonstrating global cooperation for humanitarian aid. Founded in 1946, UNICEF was and still is prevalent in helping with humanitarian aid in the age of globalization.
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After ww2 there was lot of tension between the capitalist and communist countries causing a stalemate war. This war had many forms to protect and prove how their belief was better and there were many proxy wars too. This stalemate would end after the USSR would not be able to compete financially with the USA and the USSR would fall.
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Being one of the causes for the cold war this left a huge impact on the world. With both beliefs wanting to “spread” and being complete opposites there was an obvious rivalry caused between the 2. The main parties being the USA and the USSR there were many indirect interactions like proxy wars and the Cuban missile crisis.
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After Mao Zedong watched Russia and their 5 year plan he decided that he wanted to essentially copy Russia. This copying also led to many deaths in reeducation camps and again because of the collectivization of crops. Everyone became very loyal to Mao and after his death Russia went into a bit of a fallout but overall the great leap forward killed millions of people and ruined china for a whole time period.
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Significant in that it demonstrated how many sight to protect the environment in light of increased pollution which globalization increased. A global network of environmental activist groups peacefully expressing their concerns for the environment, cooperating in doing so.
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Significant as various modern trends spread globally, including Reggae, K-pop, Bollywood, and Hollywood. Result of the quicker spread of information via the internet.
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Significant in its establishment and the collapse of the USSR. Demonstrates cooperation between European countries, and its expansion as more states could join as of becoming independent of the Soviet Union (and Yugoslavia).
Pop-culture: Significant as various modern trends spread globally, including Reggae, K-pop, Bollywood, and Hollywood. -
Significant as it demonstrated the future of the global economy as becoming further interconnected and globalized. The end of communism allowed for cooperation between most states-- the WTO secured the basis of global trade amongst countries so that trade could be more open.