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Early Nationalistic American Literature -Noah Webster's speller & dictionary
-learned 26 languages
-first american dictionary
-many thought surpassed British "masterpiece"
-American students should be educated as patriots
-their minds filled with nationalistic -
Second Great Awakening
-christian beliefs less faavor of westward expanison of religion and educated
-Expanded middle class
-work ethnic, frugality, temperance
-Gospel= save people & reform society
-initiated by conservative theologians to fight spread of religious rationalism -
Slater's Mill
-Samuel Slater
-bought britsh textile to america
-wanted powerded spinning textile mill
- spinning mill for the Quaker merchant
-made skilled mechanics -
Deism
-Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, & Paine
-originated among Enlightenment philosphers
-France accepted existence of God
-considered Him a remote being
-after having created the universe, withdrawn from direct involvement w/ human race & sins
-religious truth rather than divine relevation -
Turnpike Era - Erie Canal
-a corporation constructed toll road running 60 miles
-Phily to Lancaster
-early usage for toll roads
-revolving gates in US
-federal venture: National Road
-conecting big cities -
Eli Whitney's 1793 Cotton Gin
-Eli Whitney
-made easy to clean & plant cotton
-could grow anywhere
-became cash crop by 1860
-cotton growing spread upland South
-total crop increased african american slavery,
-decline of tobacco production -
Eli Whitney's method for producing guns with standarized parts
-Eli Whitney
-Interchangable parts
-devised a machine to make each part of a gun according to an exact pattern tasks could be divided among several workers
-one laborer could assemble a weapon out of parts made by several others manufacturers
-sewing machines, clocks, and many other complicated products were using the same system -
Early Nationalistic American Literature - Washington Irving
-wrote about soliders
-1st american author to make money by only writing
-Ambassador of US
-traveled around England
-satirical histories of early american life
-powerful fables of society in New World -
Thomas Jefferson's Presidency
-bea John Adams in 1800 election
-reelected in 1804
-oversaw a drastic reduction in powers of some national institutions
-funded Lewis and Clarke expedition
-led to Louisinana Purchase $15 million
-war of Tripoli
-establish University of Virginia
-Burr conspiracy -
Jefferson's fiscal and military policies
-jeferson against public debt and taxes
-milineium in goverment
-liberated $33 million
-took money from military and naval to pay nationall debt
-reduced government spending -
Marbury vs Madison
-court ruled that congress had exceeded its authority in creating that statue
- legislature had no right to expand them justices repudiated a relatively minor power
-judiciary as a branch of govt coequal with executive and legislature -
John Marshall
-Federalist of House of Representative
-Cheif Justice of Madison and Marbury
-Jefferson Secretary of State
-established judiciary as equal branch w/ executive & legislature -
1803 Louisiana Purchase
-828,000,000 square miles of land
-cost $15 million
-stretched from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains
-doubled size of US
-jefferson authorized w/o consent of congress -
Lewis and Clark Expedition (incl. Sacajawea)
-Lewis & Clark
- tried to find a route across the country
-observe natural geography
-established good relations with native groups
-found several large & successful settlements
-sacajawea married frenchman
-expedition successful -
Early Nationalistic American Literature - Mercy Otis Warren
-published work that attracted royalty
-against colonial infringements
-propagandist of American Revolution
-"A ColumbianPatriot"
-adovcated Bill of Rights -
Development of steamship/Robert Fulton & Clermont
-Olver Evans's development high-pressure engine
-lighter & more efficient than James Watt's
-James watt: made steam more feasible for powering boats
Fulton: responsible for perfecting the steamboat & bringing to attention of nation
-Clermont equipped with paddle wheels & English-built engine, sailed up Hudson
- demonstrating practicability of steam navigation -
James Madison’s Presidency
-"Father of the Costitution"
-led war of 1812
-demand that the british government renounce impressment
-author of bill of rights -
Embargo Act of 1807-09
-prohibited american ships leaving US
-foreign port anywhere in the word
-Congress also passed a force act
-give gvt power to enforce the embargo law was widely evaded
-create a serious depression through most nation -
Non-Intercourse Act 1809-10; Macon’s Bill No. 2
-replaced embargo
-allowed US to trade with all
-except British & French
Macon's Bill #2: 3 month treaty to establish test run for trade
-between Britian, France, America -
William Henry Harrison/1811 Battle of Tippencanoe/Tecumseh
-Govner Henry Harrison
-On Indian territory
-Tecumesh was leader of the Shawnee
-he opposed american expansion westward
-Americans won but with many casualties
-result: idea to drive british out of canada
-annex that province to US -
War of 1812
-causes: Great britian growing restrictions on american commerce were threatening
-cut off american farmers from access to world markets
-American privaters wanted revenge on british for impressment
- south wanted florida
- fought through mercant ships
-canada border & gulf coast
-ended in 1815
-created Star Spangle Banner
-produce Era of good feelings -
Hartford Convention
-New England Federalist
-met to discuss grievances from war of 1812
-removing 3/5 comprimise
-adding 2/3 majority in congress
-reasserted right of nullification
-proposed seven amendments to constituion -
1814 Treaty of Ghent terms & effects
-british were exhausted
-in debt from prolonged conflict with napoleon
-eager to settle lesser dispute in NA
-Americans realized defeat of napoleon
-british no longer have incentive to interfere w/ american commerce
-long-term inprovement in anglo-american relations
-commercial treaty 1815 gave americans right trade freely w/ england -
Education in US as of 1815
-no comprehensive schools
-most private schools runned by elite
-private school taught aristocracy
-"Republican Mother"-generation can be ignorant
-little/ no schooling for African American -
Women's education is 1815
-little education beside household duties of wife
-first wave of feminism
-Judith Sargent Murray feminist wrote her ideas as man's pen name
-universaliam
-woman and men equal
-women be educated to raise children to be enlightened
-50% illiteracy rate