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Period: Oct 15, 1220 to
Events in History
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Oct 16, 1220
Robert Grosseteste
Publishes several Aristotelian commentaries where he lays out an early framework for the scientific method. Which is the set standards on how to conduct and experiment, study, or etc...... -
Sep 20, 1486
British literature
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote his collection of stories, "The Canterburry Tales", in the last two decades of the 14th century. The book was unfinished when he died in 1400. No text in his own hand still exists, but the surprising number of near-contemporary copies that do survive - over 80 - suggests the tales proved a medieval 'bestseller'. This early and richly ornamented manuscript copy was made within a generation of Chaucer's death. -
Jul 18, 1513
U.S. Gov't
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote "The Prince" after the overthrow of the Republic forced him into exile. It showed governments how to rule and keep power by force. -
Oct 16, 1530
Paracelsus
Develops the study of iatrochemistry, a subdiscipline of alchemy dedicated to extending life, thus being the roots of the modern pharmaceutical industry. It is also claimed that he is the first to use the word "chemistry". -
Andreas Libavius
Publishes Alchemia, a prototype chemistry textbook. Sixty seven years after the word was first spoken. -
Sir Francis Bacon
Publishes The Proficience and Advancement of Learning, which contains a description of what would later be known as the scientific method. Which is very important compnent in science still today around the world. -
Michal Sedziwój
Publishes the alchemical treatise A New Light of Alchemy which proposed the existence of the "food of life" within air, much later recognized as oxygen. A need for all life big and small. -
Jean Beguin
Publishes the Tyrocinium Chymicum, an early chemistry textbook, and in it draws the first-ever chemical equation. Eighteen years after the prototype was created. -
René Descartes
Publishes Discours de la méthode, which contains an outline of the scientific method. It was also suspected that he may have refined some of Grosseteste earlier ideas, but never really proven. -
Robert Boyle
Proposes Boyle's law, an experimentally based description of the behavior of gases, specifically the relationship between pressure and volume. -
U.S. Gov't
John Locke's major political analysis, The Two Treatises of Government ,1 has long been hailed as a seminal work in the history of political liberalism. In the Second Treatise especially, it is generally recognized, Locke argues the case for individual natural rights, limited government depending on the consent of the governed, separation of powers within government, and the right of people within a society to depose rulers who fail to uphold their end of the social contract -
Cobalt is Discovered
Swedish chemist Georg Brandt analyzes a dark blue pigment found in copper ore. Brandt demonstrated that the pigment contained a new element, later named cobalt. -
U.S. Gov't
Jean-Jacques Rousseau made the Social Contract. It was a contract between the government and its people. -
Discovery of Hydrogen
Henry Cavendish discovers hydrogen as a colorless, odourless gas that burns and can form an explosive mixture with air. -
U.S. Gov't
The Declaration of Indepence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson. This set the basis for America. -
Important Contribution
Classical economics emerged from the foundations laid by Adam Smith and his book "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Many classical principles still remain important to modern macroeconomics. -
Ben Franklin contributions
The Constitution was signed by Ben Franklin. He was the oldest person to sign it at age 81. -
Jacques Charles
Proposes Charles's law, a corollary of Boyle's law, describes relationship between temperature and volume of a gas. -
First Battery
Alessandro Volta devises the first chemical battery, thereby founding the discipline of electrochemistry. Which, is a very important resourse in todays society. -
Dalton's law
John Dalton proposes Dalton's law, which describes relationship between the components in a mixture of gases and the relative pressure each contributes to that of the overall mixture. -
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac discovers that water is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen by volume. Water is also the only element to naturally exist in three states. -
Breakdown of Air
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac collects and discovers several chemical and physical properties of air and of other gases, including experimental proofs of Boyle's and Charles's laws, and of relationships between density and composition of gases. -
Periodic Table Prototype
Jöns Jakob Berzelius publishes Lärbok i Kemien in which he proposes modern chemical symbols and notation, and of the concept of relative atomic weight. -
British literature
"Emma" was written at the height of Jane Austen’s popularity. Jane Austen published four of the novels in her lifetime, and the two others were published together soon after her death in 1817. -
Simple Molecules
William Prout classifies biomolecules into their modern groupings which cosists of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. -
Natural Compounds
Friedrich Wöhler synthesizes urea, thereby establishing that organic compounds could be produced from inorganic starting materials, disproving the theory of vitalism. -
British literature
Oliver Twist is the second novel Charles Dickens ever wrote, and it was published in installments between 1837 and 1839. Many novels at the time were published serially, meaning that each chapter was issued separately. -
Kolbe vs Wohler
Hermann Kolbe obtains acetic acid from completely inorganic sources, further disproving vitalism. -
British literature
Emily Bronte published her only novel, "Wuthering Heights." She died shortly after it was published. It was a big contribution to the English literature. -
Lord Kelvin
Establishes concept of absolute zero, the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases. -
American Literature
Herman Melville published the famous book "Moby-Dick". It has sold millions of copies in the last decade. -
First Synthetic Dye
William Henry Perkin synthesizes Perkin's mauve, the first synthetic dye. Created as an accidental byproduct of an attempt to create quinine from coal tar. This discovery is the foundation of the dye synthesis industry, one of the earliest successful chemical industries. -
Addition to The Periodic Table
Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen lay the foundations of spectroscopy as a means of chemical analysis, which lead them to the discovery of caesium and rubidium. Other workers soon used the same technique to discover indium, thalium, and helium. -
Alexander Parkes
Exibits Parkesine, one of the earliest synthetic polymers, at the International Exhibition in London. This discovery formed the foundation of the modern plastics industry.[ -
Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois
Pulishes the telluric helix, an early, three-dimensional version of the periodic table of the elements. An ealier cousin of the double helix. -
Lotar Meyer
Lotar Meyer develops an early version of the periodic table, with 28 elements organized by valence. Our current has over 110 elements listed. -
U.S. History
13th Amendment was ratified by the states. It abolished slavery for good. -
First National Park
Yellow Stone is established. -
Frederick Soddy
Was born at Eastbourne, Sussex, England, on September 2, 1877. From 1904 to 1914 Soddy was lecturer in physical chemistry and radioactivity in the University of Glasgow. In 1917 proposes the concept of isotopes, that elements with the same chemical properties may have differing atomic weights. -
American literature
Mark Twain published one of the most famous books in history,"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." This book was set in pre- Civil War before slavery was abolished. -
Discovery of ions
Eugene Goldstein names the cathode ray, later discovered to be composed of electrons, and the canal ray, later discovered to be positive hydrogen ions that had been stripped of their electrons in a cathode ray tube. These would later be named protons. -
Once Again the Table Expands
William Ramsay discovers the noble gases, which fill a large and unexpected gap in the periodic table and led to models of chemical bonding. -
Electrons are Discovered
J. J. Thomson discovers the electron using the cathode ray tube. He wasnt the first to discover it but he was the one who studied and spilled the knowledge. -
Ph Scale
Sørensen invents the pH concept and develops methods for measuring acidity. The scale ranges from 0 to 14 in acidic level. -
Housing Market
The housing price downturn in led to a rise in the foreclosure rate. Foreclosures were the main cause of hardship in the 1920's, but public attention focused on the plight of family farms, not residental real estate. -
U.S. History
This was "Black Tuesday." It was the day the stock market crashed causing the great depression. -
Available Mortgage
History of Ginnie Mae, during the depths of the Depression, Congress passed the National Housing Act to strengthen a deeply troubled housing market. An important element of this legislation was to make mortgage funds available to more Americans by protecting lenders from the risk of default. -
Shape of Modern Macroeconomics
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money was written by the English economist John Maynard Keynes. The book, generally considered to be his magnum opus, is largely credited with creating the terminology and shape of modern macroeconomics. -
American literature
"Their Eyes Were Watching God" by Zora Neale Hurston was published in 1937. The novel tells of the life and loves of Janie Crawford. -
Amendment to National Housing Act
Congress amended the act to create the Federal National Mortgage Association – an entity designed to help mortgage lenders gain access to capital for mortgage loans. Today Ginnie Mae securities are the only mortgage-backed securities that offer full faith and credit guarunty of the United States government. -
U.S. History
Japan bombed Pearl Harbor destroying battleships and airplanes. They killed almost 2,000 American soldiers. This also sparked the a fire for the U.S. and they entered World War II. -
U.S. History
The U.S. dropped its first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. It was called the "Fat Man." -
American literature
Harper Lee published the book, "To Kill a Mockingbird". It was put into a movie based off of the book in 1962 -
EPA created
President Richard Nixion creates the Environmental Protection Agency. -
DDT Banned
EPA bans DDT and requires extensive reveiws of all pesticides. -
American literature
Alice Walker's "The Color Purple",tells the story of Celie, a Black woman in the South. Celie writes letters to God in which she tells about her life--her roles as daughter, wife, sister, and mother. -
British literature
J.K. Rowling published the first Hary Potter book in London, "Harry Potter and The Sorcerer's Stone." It was later published in America in 1998. -
U.S. History
The Al-Queda crashed planes into the World Trade Center. It left thousands of people dead. They have a memorial called Ground Zero. -
911
World Trade Center,Pentagon and Flight 93. Within a year, firefighters and emergency medical service personnel involved in the WTC rescue and recovery efforts will be placed on medical leave or light-duty assignments due to respiratory problems according to a study published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Many of the sick firefighters had not used proper safety gear and now have "WTC cough," Only 48 percent of those who had serious WTC coughs have improved to work again -
U.S. History
Barack Obama was elected as our 44th president in the U.S. He was the first African American president.
