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I'M TAKING THIS FROM THE CHAPTER TIMELINE THAT DOESN'T HAVE EXACT DATES/YEARS
- This is just Giotto's Birth-Death -
A new constitution that says Florence's government will be a republic government controlled by 7 major guilds representing the wealthy, executive power given to the signoria, and bearer of justice called the golfaloniere
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Pope who wrote the Unam Sanctum (the strongest statement ever written by a pope to say that religious authority is over temporal)
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Wealthy merchant families in Florence took control of the constitution and closed the Great Council (source of all political power) to all but members of 200 families; these families dominated the government
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"During the Avignon papacy the cardinals began to play a stronger role in church government, church and clergy were reformed, missionary efforts were expanded, and popes tried to settle royal rivalries and establish peace." (Britannica)
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Visconti is a wealthy family in Milan
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Start of Hundred Years' War
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Where English destroyed French with their longbows
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- German Monarchy
- Basically says that certain people have the legal power to elect the future Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and leader of the Christian People
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Battle that ended the first phase of the Hundred Years' War and where John II (the French king) was captured
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The Jacquerie was a French peasant revolt that was brutal (castles burned, nobles murdered) Etienne Marcel was a French provost that tried to get the Estates-General (French parliament but wasn't as important as the English parliament at the time) more rights/power
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Treaty where the French agreed to pay a ransom for the kidnapped king, the English territory of Gascony was enlarged, and that the King of England would not fight to be the heir of the French throne anymore if the French King agreed to give up control of English lands in France
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After his death, England began to experience instability of aristocratic factionalism (basically--I think that there was a split in the aristocratic class due to differing opinions)
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Started: 1378
Ended: 1417 This happened because there were two popes claiming authority of the Catholic Church (a Frenchman vs Italian Archbishop); caused split between the church/supporters of the church and people were confused on who to follow -
The second pope (who stayed in Rome/the Italian archbishop) which started the Great Schism
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Purchased the title from the Emperor
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Twenty year truce in the Hundred Years' War (started in 1396, ending in 1415 when Henry V renewed it)
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The Council of Pisa failed to end the Great Schism and elected a 3rd pope causing more confusion
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A council that met in Constance and resolved the Great Schism
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The English King renews the war during a period of time when the French were dealing with civil wars
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The English destroyed the French despite having a number disadvantage
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Says the Henry V (King of England) will marry Catherine (daughter of the King of France) and he will be recognized as the heir to the French throne
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The French won