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Dec 25, 800
The creation of the Holy Roman Empire
Charlemagne was crowned King of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III on the Christmas of 800. For the first time since the decline of the Roman empire in 476, the empire had a leader. With the creation of the Holy Roman Empire, the broken pieces of Europe could finally be Reunited. For centuries since the Roman Empire fell, there was no order throughout Europe. Since unification finally occurred, peace could occur and citizens of the new empire finally had someone to look towards and follow. -
1095
The Beginning of the Crusades
The Crusades were a set of religious wars fought between the Christians and Muslims over the Control of the holy lands such as Jerusalem. Although the Crusades were meant to be wars in which the winner would gain the holy lands, the social impacts of the war were incredible. Since the journey across Europe was long and tedious for soldiers, many left the crusades and settled forming many towns and cities. Also, trading routes emerged due to the crusades and many people grew financially. -
Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades
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1252
The Beginning of the Inquisition
The Inquisition was an institution set up by the catholic church to punish people who violated the religion and also people who did not convert. Thousands of Muslims and Jews were tortured and executed during the inquisition resulting in almost 32,000 executions. Socially, people lived in fear of the inquisitors who were people who carried out the heinous punishments. Many people had to sacrifice their religions in order to survive the inquisition. -
1300
The Beginning of the Renaissance
The Renaissance was a time of social and cultural change throughout Europe. Many famous artists such as Michael Angelo and Leonardo Da Vinci lived during the Renaissance and created world famous painting and sculptures such as David or the Mona Lisa. The word Renaissance translates to rebirth, Renaissance thinkers believed that the ideas and values that were expressed through the Renaissance revived Europe back to its former glory. Socially, artists became more respected and creativity flowed. -
Period: 1300 to
The Renaissance
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1337
The Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years War was essentially a series of conflicts and skirmishes between the House of Plantagenet, who ruled England, and the French house Valois over the control of the kingdom of France. Socially, the impact of the Hundred Years war was terrible for the french. Farmlands, towns and cities were decimated during the war, the french population was dramatically decreased from both the fighting and decease. -
Period: 1337 to 1453
The Hundred Years War
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1347
The Black Death
The Black Death was a deadly decease that swept through Europe in the mid 1300s. The decease was carried by rats who found their way onto ships. Because of this, the Plague was able to spread very quickly. The Black death killed over 75 million people, making it one of the most deadliest pandemics in history. Families were torn in half because of this decease, people were dying in less than three days and people's lives were ruined because of the loss of siblings, parents or other loved ones. -
1492
Columbus began exploration of the New World
In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the island of Hispaniola as well as the Bahamas. This was a very significant discovery because it disproved the theory that the earth was flat and proved that there was land west of Europe. This event had a giant effect on many intellectuals in Europe and around the world. Now that Columbus had disproved many well known and defended theories about the Earth, Exploration west of Europe skyrocketed and as a result, the Americas were discovered. -
1517
The Posting of the 95 Theses
When Martin Luther posted the 95 theses, it sent a spark throughout Europe. People no longer felt forced to pay the indulgences that the catholic church offered and began to convert religion. People could now leave the corrupt chains of Catholicism and turn towards Luther. In return people were able to live happier knowing that their fates would not be determined by dollars. -
Jan 1, 1543
Copernicus publishes the Heliocentric theory
Copernicus published the Heliocentric theory in order to express his beliefs on how the solar system looked. Thanks to the Renaissance, people became less afraid to express their own ideas and opinions to society and Copernicus published his theory which would revolutionize the world's understanding on earth and the Solar System. -
1545
The Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was an attempt by the Catholic church to stop the Protestant religion and to reform the Catholic church. After Martin Luther posted the 95 theses, the catholic church retaliated by creating the Council of Trent in order to end the protestant religion. If the Council could successfully end the protestant religion, then the catholic church would regain their control over Christianity. This would benefit the church financially greatly.
