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Hebrews in Canaan migrate to Egypt in times of famine. -
Moses led the Hebrews back to Canaan and unified the people under God's law. -
After Solomon's Death, tensions increased and the United Monarchy split between Israel and Judah. -
Through a complex story, legend says Romulus founded Rome in 753 BCE. -
Israel, a tiny nation, was destroyed. -
Solon, an Athenian citizen, was given rights to make reforms and change legislation, and represents one of the early forms of democracy through direct citizen participation.
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The Babylonians destroyed Solomon's Temple and deported Hebrews to Babylonia. This triggered the Babylonian Captivity. -
The Romans overthrew the last of the seven Etruscan kings and created a republic. -
Cleisthenes created a new council that included people from all classes to collaborate. His reforms established reforms established democracy in Athens.
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The Greeks wanted a mutual defense organization to prevent further Persian Attack, ensuing some poleis to form the Delian League. -
When the Delian League broke up, Athens was vulnerable to enemies on the mainland, ensuing wars with nearby enemies.
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The Twelve Tables dates back from around 450 BCE and was a foundation of Roman law. It touched on equality and the natural rights of a citizen. It helped the Roman Republic grow as a democracy.
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After Athens won a victory against Sparta, their enemies had to negotiate. The Thirty Years Peace brought Athens to a peak. During this time, Athenian democracy made strides by expanding and giving poor citizens full rights.
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Created by Sophocles, Antigone was a play that shared tragedy and challenged philosophical views on divine law. -
Cornith and Spartans created the Peloponnesian League and went to war with Athens. -
Home to many temples built for Athena and other deities, and an expression of Hellenic architecture. -
In the beginning of the 4th century, Spartan and Thebes struggled to remain the preeminent city-state.
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Born in 384, Aristotle grew up to become revolutionary philosopher. In his book, Politics, he discusses the best forms of government and touches upon democracy. His writings became influential to the Western World and was a good start to democracy.
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Macedonia conquered the Greek World with Philip’s troops and gained power of the Greek's military affairs.
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After the conquer and his death, the area became part of the Seleucid kingdom. -
At 32, Alexander passed away, ending his conquests. -
Created by the leading author of New Comedy, his style would assimilate into Roman comedy and be a backbone to future entertainment. The comic play discusses love and misunderstandings. -
Antigonus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy divided Alexander's empire following his death and ruled.
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Archimedes was the best-known scientist of the Hellenistic age, and was a mathematician, astronomer, and inventor. He also discovered the principle of buoyancy. -
The distinctions between patricians and the
plebeians were gone. Everyone could vote, and mostly everyone could be in office. This was a major stride for democracy. -
The beginning of a series of wars between Rome and Carthage.
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Second of a series of wars between Rome and Carthage. -
Last of a series of wars between Rome and Carthage. -
Rome conquers the Achaean League, and gave them power to the Greek Peninsula.
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King Attalus III of Pergamum passed and gave his kingdom to Rome.
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Located in Judea, Jews decided their final sacred canon and rejected Christianity.
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Syria became a Roman province and the Seleucids slowly lost control. -
In 63 BCE, the Romans were conquering most of the Middle East and incorporated Judah. -
Cleopatra commited suicide, ending the Ptolemies reign. -
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Following the First Jewish War, the Romans overtook Jerusalem and destroyed it, including the Second Temple. -
Diocletian's reign beginning that lasted until 305 -
After the Nicea meeting, the creed spread and strengthened the Monasticism of Christianity. -
Beginning of Constantine's reign that lasted until 337. -
Constantine legalized and tolerated Christianity allowing the church to be a public institution. -
Theodosius I passed legislation that would make Christianity the state religion of the empire.
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The Visigoths, a barbarian group, sacked Rome and overtook a majority of southern Gaul. -
By 476, the west empire didn't have any real authority. The western empire shifted into smaller kingdoms, and the Romans didn't have any more control. They were led to downfall because of invasions by Barbarian tribes. -
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After his death, the eastern Roman world dealt with many challenges and groups attempting to gain control of the land. -
Born in Mecca, the soon-to-be founder of Islam and leader was alive. -
On the night of his death, Muhammad brought peace and united Arabia. -
Following his death, Muhammad left a leadership crisis and chose caliphs to rule. Caliphs were successors of Muhammad and relatives by marriage. -
Muawiyah founded this empire, and lasted until 750. The empire expanded and became an important trade center for the Middle East. -
Leo III created a new law of code that referred and abbreviated from Justinian's code. His code simplified the Roman government by creating more branches but employing less men and less powerful officials. Justinian's code and Ekloga are foundational examples of democracy.
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Emperor Leo III began speaking out against icons and spread the idea that icons were against biblical teachings. This controversy symboled the beginnings of Orthodoxy creating its path. -
On Christmas day, the coronation of Charlemagne was given by Leo III at St. Peter’s Basilica.