Antiken

Ancient Greece

Period: 2500 BCE to 323 BCE

Crete

1900 BCE

It was a large island with lots of little kingdoms ruled by different kings. No one knows what language they spoke, since they haven't been able to decifer the characters. It is the oldest written language in Europe. Knossos was the largest of the of the island's palace's.

Mycenae

1400 BCE

The palaces of Mycenae and Knossos were abandonnes and turned to ruins over time. Trade and long-distance travel ceased. People started to live simple lives again afterwards, like agriculture. No one knows why yet, but it could be because of natural disaters and war.

Phoenicia

1100 BCE

The people were known for their shipbuilding. They traded cedar wood for papyrus with the Egyptians, and then sold it with the Greeks. It is not really known how old it is, or where the people came from. They built cities throughout the Mediterranean.

City states start to emerge.

900 BCE

The Greeks became more "civilized" and learned the art of writing from the Pheonicians. It was easier to trade, but it caused tension between the Persians and the Greeks. The reason for the city states are because of colonization.

Greek Colonisation

900 BCE

The Anciant Greeks began to look for more land and resources, outside of Greece. They built colonies around the Mediterranean, which helped with trade, and then led to city states.

Olympic games start

776 BCE

It started in the honor of Zeus. It was a number of athletic games, every four years. During that time, the city states would have a cease-fire, so that neighboring countries would be able to travel safely to the place were the games were held.

Ancient Rome is founded

753 BCE

It was said to be founded by Romolus, twin of Remus. Romolus and Remus were supposedly sons of the god of war, Mars, and were brought up by a wolf. But that is a myth, and it seems very unlikely that they were brought up by a wolf.

Ancient Rome begins

Period: 753 BCE to 476

The Era of Antiquity begins.

700 BCE

It started when Athens and Sparta, Greek city-states, where very stable and had been there a while, were they weren't going to just disapear anytime soon.

Money usage begins.

625 BCE

Drachma, or the silver drachma is one of the first used coins in the world, its name meaning to grasp in Anciant Greece. It was slightly different in every city state, seeing that they were handmade. It's value from the begining was a handful of arrows.

Theater begins

600 BCE

It began in the Athens as tragedie plays for festivals. Then, they started Greek comedies, Those were two of the most popular genres across Greece, which inspired the two masks which are commonly used as a simbol for theater; one sad and one happy.

Persian conquest

550 BCE

It started in Ionia, which was part of the Persian Empire. But the Greeks weren't happy with the taxes, and laws, so they started an uprise. The people in Athens sent ships to help, but the uprise failed. After that, there were many wars for many years.

Rome becomes a republic.

500 BCE

A group of Roman noblemen overthrew the king and replaced him with two consuls, each with the same power of a king, but elected and only had one year of rule at a time.

Marathon War

490 BCE

According to legend, at the end of the war, an Athenian messanger was sent from Marathon to Athens, about 40 km, to annouce that they had won the war. Then he collapsed and died of exhaustion. That is where we get the lenghth of marathons from.

Battle against the Salamis

480 BCE

The Battle of Salamis was a naval war (a war fought over the sea) and was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ruled by King Xerxes. In the end, the Greeks won and the Persians failed to conquer Peloponnese.

Thermopyle War

480 BCE

It was lead by King Leonidas the I of Sparta, were the city-states allied against Persia and the war lasted three days. It was the second time Persia envaded Greece.

Peloponnesian War

431 BCE

The war was fought between Athens and Sparta, the two most powerful city-states at the time. Athens threatened one of Sparta's allies, which led to Sparta raiding the Athens's allies' land. 'it went back and forth for some years before it ended 405 BC.

The rise of Anciant Greece

400 BCE

Seeing as Greece was were it was, close to the sea, it was easy for trade to happen. During the 400 BC, trade became of great importance for the people. Archeologists can also see that there is a more developed painting on the pottery.

King Philip II

382 BCE

King Philip II was the king of Macedon until his assassination in 336 BC, at a wedding. He was Alexander the Great's father, who immediatly gained control over the throne when his father died.

Alexander the Great

356 BCE

He gained control of the throne at the age of twenty, and at the age of thirty had the largest empire of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to India. He was undefeatable in battle and was concidered the most successful military commanders throughout history. When he was younger, he was tutored by Aristotle.
He died in 323 BC.

Hellenism

323 BCE

Alexander died, ending the time period. His empire was so big, it scattered and broke into many different parts. Greek imigrants founded about seventy diferent cities, most named Alexandria in the honor of Alexander the Great.

Rome controls the Apennine Peninsula

270 BCE

The Gauls destroyed and burned Rome in 390.
In 264, Camillius, led the Roman army and gained control over the entire Italian Peninsula.

First Punic War.

241 BCE

The First Punic War was the first of three wars between Carthrage and Rome. It began in 264 BC, and ended in 241 BC. At the end, the Romans were victorious, but not without loss. It was the longest naval war during the Antiquity, and lost over 100,000 men due to a storm on their way back to Rome.

Second Punic War

201 BCE

The Second Punic War was the second punic war, dating from 218 BC to 201 BC. In 219, Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, attacked one of the many cities supporting Rome, provoking Rome into war.
The Romans remained victorious in the end.

Third Punic War

146 BCE

The third and the last if the Punic Wars, it began in 149 BC and ended in 146 BC. The Second Punic War had ended with a treaty saying that the Carthagins were not allowed to start a war without the permission of Rome. One of Rome's allies, King Masinissa, used that to his advantage and repeatidly attacked the land. The Carthaginians sent an army to stop King Masinissa, resulting in another (and final) war.

Sparticus

73 BCE

He was a gladiator/slave, who helped cause a massive slave uprise against the Roman Republic.

Julius Caesar

46 BCE

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general whose actions ended with the fall of the Roman rupublic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He was once kidnapped and held for randsom by pirates, and when they asked for twenty silver talents (currency then), he insisted that they ask for 50.

Roman Empire begins

23 BCE

An empire is a group of people are ruled by one person, usually known as an Emperor or Empress (if female). The Roman Empire began with the Roman Emperor Augustus.

Emperor Augustus

27

The Emperor Augustus grately enlarged the Roman Empire throughout his reign, mainly thoughout Africa. His original name, was, in fact, Gaius Octavius, and not Augustus. He continuisly changed his name during his reign.
(I do find it interessting however that we are learning about someone who died 2001 years ago.)

Pax Romana

27

Roughly two hundred years during the Roman history which was more or less peaceful and stable. It was a surprise given Rome's past bloody history.
Pax Romana began when Augustus defeated Mark Anthony and Cleopatra.

Eruption of Mount Vesuvius

79

It's most famous eruption happened in the late of of 79 AD, which was one of the deadliest eruptions in Eurupian history.

Christianity becomes a state religion

313

Christians used to be tortured and killed because of what they believe in. Not great. But then came along a certain Emperor (Constatine) and he became Christian himself. He protected the church and Christians, making practise of the religion legal. It also helped that everyone was welcome, so many people converted to it.

Constatine the Great

337

During one of the wars, he looked up at the sky, saw a cross and heard voices telling him that under that sign he would conquer. So he went and became Christian as soon as possible. He was either seriously mentally ill (probably), blackmailed into doing so (unlikely) or just plain lying because he felt like causing a scandal. Before it had been illegal to be Christian, but he protected them.

Ancient Rome splits

395

When the Emperor Theasus died, he gave half of Rome to his one of his sons, half to his other son. One got the East and the other got the West. Even though they would be two contries with different capitals. One of those capitals was Constantinaple, now known as Istanbul.

Rome falls.

476

Many things led to the fall of Rome. One of them was the invasion of the Germanic tribes. One of them was that they relied on slaves far too much, and political instability. It doesn't help that Rome was split into two parts. The West fell first.