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In 753 BC the two brothers Romulus and Remus were raised by a she-wolf. They then were found by some shepherd. He raised them as his own. They became natural leaders. Remus was captured and Romulus gathered shepherds and went to rescue his brother. They killed the king in the process and took the throne.
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In 509 BC Rome became a republic. The last king was overthrown and was now ruled by elected officials called the Senate.
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In 270 BC Rome had conquered the entire peninsula and their power was growing over time. They organized their armies into legions which were a 5000 man group.
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From 264 BC to 146 BC Rome fought 3 Punic wars against Carthage.
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In this first Punic war Rome won Sicily, Corsica, and Sardina. They won key naval victories from this.
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This war broke out because of Spain. Hannibal crossed the Alps with his war elephants and surprised the Romans. For 15 years he won battles but never captured Rome. But finally, Rome forced him to leave and defend Carthage.
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In this war, Carthage gets destroyed. Salt was poured on the land so nothing could grow. Survivors were killed or sold into slavery.
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In 133 BC Rome refers to the Mediterranean Sea, as Mare Nostrum meaning our sea.
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In 133 BC Tiberius Gracchus called for the state to distribute land to the poor.
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In 123 BC His brother Gaius sought public funds to buy grain for the poor.
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In 66 BC discontent from the people led to an open rebellion against Rome.
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After Judea fell in 63 BC the Jews started to accept Roman rule. Many believed that God would send a messiah, who would lead them into freedom from Rome. They often prayed for God's help and many people noticed and took thought to also believing in the same God as them.
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In 58 BC Julius Caesar led his army through the Rubicon River after the Senate told him to disband his army. He then marched in on Rome. Caesar defeated the sons in battle and declared himself as a dictator. The Senate agreed to let him take power.
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This was around 4 BC and was in Bethlehem In Jerusalem.
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In 70 AD Rome crushed the uprising and burned the Jewish temple in Jerusalem to show them they will not beat them and what they think of them trying to start an uprising.
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In A.D. 313 the Edict of Milan granted freedom of worship to citizens of the Roman empire. This was established by Emperor Constantine.
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Following the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 the Pax Romana ended. Rome fell into political instability and violence. Economical and social problems grew over time. The Roman Legions were no longer invincible.Military, Economic, Social, and Political factors all contributed to Romes decline.
