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Diocletian and Maximian retire simultaneously from their Imperial thrones. Constantius Chlorus becomes "Augustus" and Senior Emperor in the West and Galerius becomes "Augustus" and Senior Emperor in the East. Severus becomes "Caesar" and Junior Emperor in the West and Maximinus II becomes "Caesar" and Junior Emperor in the East.
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The Second Triumvirate established in the Roman Republic between Octavian (Julius Caesar's adoptive son) and Marc Antony
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julius caesar assassinationJulius Caesar is assassinated; Marcus Antony controls Rome
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Caesar invades Egypt and appoints Cleopatra queen
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Caesar's army crosses the Rubicon and Civil War begins between Caesar and the Republican forces of Pompey
Julius Caesar is victorious, becomes dictator of the Roman Republic and then conquers Gaul -
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overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 509 BC
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Rome conquers Fidenae
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Diocletian appoints Maximian as "Caesar" and Junior Emperor
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Diocletian elevates Maximian to "Augustus" and Co-Emperor, with Diocletian as Eastern Emperor and Senior Emperor and Maximian as Western Emperor