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Oruc died in 1518
Hizir took over command of Algiers from his brother, became Admiral of entire Ottoman fleet in 1533
Established corsairing as a legitimate way to make money and as part of state policy -
Long and short distance piracy, most English and French. Defined by gentleman privateers. Were supported by states and wealthy investors
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Pverseas trade was banned, merchants turned to piracy to obtain goods
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Malta was a case for corsairing activity
Knights were a religious order, charged to protect Christians and treat the sick and the poor, but also engaged regularly in privateering -
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Was part of the era of gentleman pirates. Drake started his career as a ship's boy and eventually worked his way up to captain
He is ahero to the English and is hated in Spain for his raids along the Spanish Main
Also famous for circumnavigating the globe -
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Wreckers would lure ships to crash on shore, at which point they would kill the crew and steal their goods.
Another form is "harvesting", where people took what washed on shore from a wreck
Only three people were ever executed for wrecking -
Another ban of oversea trade enacted, brought about this second age of piracy
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Rise of buccaneers. Motley crews formed outlaw communities based in the Caribbean. Commonly targeted Spanish cities/ ships
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Global piracy featuring cosmopolitan crews who would attack anyone. Strong crackdowns by state powers came during this period
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Smuggling activity exploded due to a increase in taxes on goods such as tea, tobacco, spirits, and cotton
Was biggest in South England due to its geographic isolation and also its ability to provide year round income for citizens -
Pirates were pardoned if they turned themselves in, punished if caught. Trials were conducted as sea, so punishment was swift
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East India Company's primary trade with China was opium and cotton, had monopoly in the region
As of 1840 8/10 people in China thought to be adicts -
Came about in response to demand for bodies for dissection
Bodies were dug up from their graves and sold to anatomists
Endemic in the 1820s -
Distinguished between different wrecking offenses, plundering could be punished with the death penalty
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Pirates were given a general pardon if they surrendered in the next year. This pardon covered all offenses, and allowed the pirate to keep their loot. Bounties were put out on all pirates who did not surrender.
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Bands of violent bandits would travel roads of India
Modus Operandi was to earn trust of travelers, then kill them and take their valuables
Families of thuggee would live off this income for most of the year, considered a family business -
Local judges were allowed to decide if those put to death could be dissected. Thought to have been additional punishment to the criminal
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Added additional penatly for covering lights or putting out false lights. Also gave local officials more search and seizure power
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Extended the death penalty to anyone who did not hand over the contents of a wreck
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Time of huge economic boom in China due to western trade, but there was also a populaion boom and high unemployment. Pirate associations were massive during this period
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Rebels deafeated by Chinese
Mo Guanfu executed
Zheng Zi killed in battle -
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Essentually ended profesional body snatching. The Act required records to be kept of those dissected and provided licensing and control over dissectors. Also allowed citizens to donate their bodies upon death
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Made involvement in thuggee punishable by imporisonment for life with hard labor. Also made it so that thugs could be tried by any court in India
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All opium traders had to surrender opium and pledge never to trade again
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Chinese started an embargo of British goods in effort to stop opium trade. The British raided Chinese ports in response. After the war British obtained Hong Kong and were allowed to trade in four other ports
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Ended First Opium War
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Tried to eliminate STDs by blaming the prostitute. Tested suspected prostitutes for disease, who were then send to lock hospitals until they were cured
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Raised the age of consent, crminalized getting into prostitution by fear, expanded homosexuality laws
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Campaign to repeal acts was championed by Josephine Butler
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Gave government rights to do just about anything with citizen's freedoms and their property, as long as regulation was passed first
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The Ministry of Food was created in order to ration food throughout the war. Rationing continued well after the war.
Clothing was rationed as well -
Made it illegal to send or carry cut flowers by train, heavy fines were imposed on offenders. Order was recinded after a month
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was assigned medium wave, so could only be heard in Britain after dark
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Limited frequencies pirates could use
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First of the pirate radio stations, also the last surviving. Currently broadcasts over the internet
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Nations agree to get rid of pirate radio
