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Crimean War: The Treaty of Paris was signed, officially ending the war. The Black Sea was demilitarized. Russia lost territory it had been granted at the mouth of the Danube, abandoned claims to protect Turkish Christians, and lost its influence over the Danubian Principalities.
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Law was passed to accelerate legal transfer of the land allotted to the peasants.
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European Russia organised into provincial and district elected self-government
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Russia established the State Bank in 1866, which put the national currency on a firmer footing.
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Duma = elected city councils
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Conscription young men of 21 without distinction of class. Exemption was only granted to young men who were the sole breadwinners of their families. It also gave the army a role in teaching many peasants to read and in pioneering medical education for women.
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Alexander signed the Ems Ukaz, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print.
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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
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Labour legislation was first introduced in 1882 with the creation of the inspectorate of factories (in charge of health and life saving regulations), the regulation of working hours and the limitation of female and juvenile labor.
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Russification of Finland: Nicholas issued a decree making Russian the official language of Finland.
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1904-1905
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January: Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg.
June: Battleship Potemkin uprising at Odessa on the Black Sea (see movie The Battleship Potemkin).
October: general strike, Saint Petersburg Soviet formed; October Manifesto: Imperial agreement on elections to the State Duma -
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Lena goldfields massacre: The Russian army fired on a crowd of striking miners, killing 150.
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