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First council of the Catholic church declares Arius and Arianism to be heretical.
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Byzantium was an ancient Greek city. It later became known as Constantinople
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During his reign, he dealt with an attempted coup, the Vandals, the takeover of the Western Roman Empire at the hands of Odoacer, the Monophysite-Orthodox conflict, and the Ostrogoths under King Theodoric the Great.
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Ruled the Byzantine Empire at its peak, conquered the former Western Roman Empire, rebuilt Constantinople following a major and destructive rebellion, and codified law. Additionally, he built the Hagia Sophia.
After his death, less competent rulers replaced him, sending the Byzantine Empire into a long period of decline. -
Two leaders of opposing factions are arrested, sparking a major revolt in Constantinople. Justinian I is nearly driven out, but his wife, Theodora, convinced him to stay. Large portions of the city were damaged or destroyed.
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Heraclius I seizes power of the Empire through a coup, reforming the government and allowing some level of decentralization.
During this time period, the Persians, Avars, and Arabs conquered large portions of the empire. -
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The Empire loses large portions of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 while the Normans take Bari, the last Byzantine holding ont the Italian Peninsula. These losses were compounded by the Battle of Myriocephalum between the Turks and the Byzantines, who lost half of their army as the result of poor discipline and communication.
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*Venitians don't have to pay any taxes. Despite the aid, the Normans take control of the Mediterranean trade routes, limiting the Byzantine Empire's resources.
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Although intended to conquer the Muslim-controlled Holy Lands, the crusaders quickly turned on the Byzantines after they failed to make payments to the Venitians. Alexus IV attempted to reestablish his father Isaac II Angelus's rule in exchange for money.
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*Bithynia is lost in northwestern Asia Minor
*Portions of Greece are taken by the Serbs, a former part of the Byzantine Empire that broke off previously
*In all, half of the Byzantine Empire is eventually controlled by the Serbs. -
A large-scale civil war and a series of coups weaken the Empire, despite it being surrounded by enemies.
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It was a joint Balkan-Western-European effort, but it failed.
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This provided a brief respite from the Empire's constant losses, allowing its survival for another 51 years.
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This fails, further dividing the Byzantine Empire while also cutting it off from potential allies.
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250,000 Hungarians, Serbs, and Vlachs (Latin people in central and eastern Europe) were involved
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He is the last emperor before its collapse at the hands of the Ottomans.
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Due to a lack of rapid reinforcements, and a lack of reinforcments overall, the Byzantine Empire is able to be taken by the Ottomans, ending the Roman reign in Europe.
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The Roman Empire splits into the East and West Roman Empire
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It was published in attempt to merge the Monophysite beliefs of the Syrians with the Orthodox Church. This failed when the pope rejected the change to the doctrine and the Arabs conquered Syria. As a result of the publishing of this document, Heraclius lost the support of the church while gaining nothing.