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population of Europe rapidly increases
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The relative Prosperity of the high middle ages came to a halt with famines and plauges, including the black death. Though there was also great progress in Arts and Science.
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In Florence Italy
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Dramatic increase in cultural practises with much innovation in literature, art and science. Humanism emphasised the importants of 'man'. Religion remained central.
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The power of the Roman Catholic church is challenged by people including Martin Luther ans John Calvin. Their questioning led to the formation of new churches.
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During the enlightenment Political Philosophers started thinking about the rights of people and how societies should be organised, questioning monarchs and their 'right' to rule.
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Great advances in scientific thinking led to new ideas abot the world and how people should live as a society.
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Two stuart kings Charles I and James II were challenged by supporters of parliment, they regected the kings claim to rule by devine right. Charles I was executed and james II was deposed in a 'glorious revoution' for trying to rule in an autocratic way. Ideas of constitutional monarchy and parlimentary rule were highlighted.
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13 of the British colonies in North America rebelled against the British rule to become a separate nation, the United States of America.
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social and political upheaval led the to the absolute monarchy that ruled france collapsing. The ideas of Liberty, nationalism and democracy were strongly emphasised.
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