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in reference to Germany being in 3rd place in the scramble for Africa: “To stand dreamily to one side while other people split up the pie, we cannot and we will not do that,” proclaimed German foreign secretary Bernhard von Bulow in 1899.
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Great Powers recognized the independence of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire and put Austria-Hungary in charge of Bosnia-Herzegovina—a multi-ethnic region of Croats, Turks, and Serbs on Serbia’s border. Russia quickly formed close ties with Serbia and took on the role of Serbia’s protector.
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a new Kaiser, the German title for emperor, Wilhelm II, took the throne in 1888. Kaiser Wilhelm and other German leaders were more interested in creating an overseas empire. To help achieve this goal, Germany began strengthening its navy. Bismarck was forced to resign and the Reinsurance Treaty was allowed to expire. These developments increased tensions with both Russia and Great Britain.
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fueled Russian dreams for expanding trade, landholding, and influence in East Asia
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United States announced that it would take charge in any Latin American nation that could not properly manage its affairs. It took such action in several nations between 1904 and 1916. The policy blocked European powers from increased control in Latin America to protect their investments and made the United States the major power in the region. It also caused much resentment in Latin America.
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Manchuria was returned to China, and Russia agreed to respect Japan’s control over Korea
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After Great Britain declared war on Aug 4, Japan was hoping to gain Germany’s colonies in Asia (L20, S3)
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Within weeks of going to war in 1914, the British began a naval blockade of Germany to cut off its overseas trade. Great Britain declared the entire North Sea a war zone where British warships could stop merchant ships and seize any cargoes bound for Germany. Germany was still inferior, so they turned to new technology, the submarine
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military campaign that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula, The Entente powers sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, by taking control of the Turkish straits.
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the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania, which primarily ferried people and goods across the Atlantic Ocean between the United States and Great Britain, was torpedoed by a German U-boat and sunk
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US declares war on Germany
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With Germany on the verge of revolution and Allied armies poised to invade, German leaders knew that only surrender could save their nation. they signed an armistice, an agreement to stop fighting. The Allies’ terms for the armistice were stiff. Germany had to turn over much of its military equipment to the Allies and return all of its troops to German soil. The Allies prevented Germany from being able to continue the fight, but they would not occupy Germany itself.
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27 nations were represented. However, the conference was dominated by leaders of the most powerful Allies. Called the “Big Four,” they were Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, French premier Georges Clemenceau, Italy’s premier Vittorio Orlando, and President Wilson of the United States. The defeated Central Powers had no part in the peace negotiations, nor did Russia. Although Russia had been an Allied Power, the Big Four distrusted its new communist government.
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consisted of 3bodies: an assembly of representatives of all member nations, a council of representatives from the main Allied Powers (plus other nations on a rotating basis), and an executive office headed by a secretary general. The League would work closely with another new organization, the Permanent Court of International Justice, also called the “world court,” to settle disputes between nations. Also, League relied on collective security to keep the peace.