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Social and political system and people were divided into three estates
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Louis XVl and Marie Antoinette - inherited debt from previous kings and was an extravagant spender,borrowed heavily from the government to help the American Revolution.
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Caused widespread crop failures and shortage of grain.Bread double and many faced starvation. Heavy taxes made it impossible for business to make money. Cost of living was going up.
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Was born 1769
Age of 9, was sent to military school
1789- Joined the military -
Refused to lend money to government causing Louis to face problems
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End of monarch and beginning of representive government
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Pledge made by members of the National Assembly
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People stormed Bastille and stole weapons and gun power. Attacked the prison commander and several guards to death and put the dead heads on pikes and marched the streets
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Parisian women rioated over rising bread prices. Blamed Marie Antionette for “hoarding bread”
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Noblemen declared their love for liberty and equality
Made the Declaration of Rights of Man Citzen- men are born and remain free and equal
Principles adapted by Revolutionary leaders
Liberty
Equality
Fraternity -
Tried to leave France as they left in dangered
Increased his radical enemies in the government and sealed his fate -
New body of government,had power to reject, create laws and approve/reject declarations of war
Spilt into three groups
Radicals-sat at the left side of the hall,opposed the ideas of monchary and wanted sweeping changes in government
Mordrates- sat in the center,wanted some changes in government
Conservatives-sat on the right side of the hall and wanted few changes in government -
Radical political organization
Jean Paul Marat
Prominent members
George Danton
Lawyer
Passionate speacker
Devoted to the rights of Paris’s poor
Reduced Louis from king to a common citizen and prisoner -
Was found guiltily and behead by guillotine
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Slowly gained power
Set out to build a “republic of virtue”
Changed the calander to 12 months of 30 days and no Sunday’s (Sunday’s were considered dangerous and old fashioned)
Closed all Church’s -
Became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety
Period of rule was called Regin of Terror
All “enemies’’ were tired in the morning and beheaded in the afternoon -
Told the executioner ‘’don’t forget to show my head to the people, its well worth seeing’’
Demanded that he was arrested and excuted
Directory was created
-five men were moderates -
Appointed Napoleon leader of the French army
Took the tittle of first consul
Was known as coup d’etat due the sudden seize of power -
Plebiscite- direct vote from country’s people to have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
Supported the laws that would both strengthen the government and achieve goals of the revolution
Set up a effecient method of tax collection
Establish national banking system
Promoted sound financial management
Took steps to end corruption and inefficiency
Signed a concordat with Pope Puis Vll -
A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France
Limited liberty
Promoted order and authority over individual rights
Freedom of speech and press were restricted -
Decided to make himself emperor
Dressed in a splendid rode
Singaled that he was more powerful then the church -
Enslaved Africans under his leadership
Wouldn’t give them their freedom or any privileges -
Navel battle in which Napoleons forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson
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Set up a Blockade which the forcible close of ports to prevent trade and communication with Great Britain
Policy was the continental system -
Conflict with Spanish rebels with the aid if British forces fought to drive Napoleon’s troops out of Spain
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Two armies clashed
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Napoleons took advantage of his weakness
Faced the allied armies of the European powers
Wanted fight one but generals refused -
Accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne
Gave small pension and exiled -
Foreign minster of Austria
Disturbed the democratic ideals of the French Revolution
Wanted to keep things as they were,’’the first and greatest concern for the immerse majority of every nation is the stability of laws-never their change” -
Escaped from Elba and comes to France were he regained emperor of France
Attacked Waterloo
The defeat ended 100 days of Napoleon’s last bid for power
Was sent to St.Helena -
Klemes had three goals with the Congress
First: wanted to prevent future French Aggression by surrounding. France with strong countries
Second: wanted balance of power
-Poltical situation in which no one nation is more powerful enough to pose threats to others
Third: wanted to restore Europes royal families to the tones they held before Napoleons conquest -
The following steps Congress took to make the weak countries stronger:
The former Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic were united to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands. A group of 39 German states were loosely joined
as the newly created German Confederation, dominated by Austria.
Switzerland was recognized as an independent nation. The Kingdom of Sardinia in Italy was strengthened by the addition of Genoa.
Changes enabled counties of Europe to contain France and prevent from overpower -
Balance of Power
Wanted to weaken france
Severely punished france
The victorious powers did not exact a great price
Legitimacy
The hereditary right of a monarch to rule
Ruling families regained throne
Congress of Vienna believed that the return of former monarchs would stabilize political relations among the nations -
League of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia,Asturia and Prussia all signed it
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A series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions
Held form control of the governments
Couldn’t contain the ideas that had emerged during the French Revolution