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The Magna Carta was created in England reducing the king's power
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Pope Gregory IX started the Inquisition to combat heresy in Europe
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Torture was allowed to obtain confessions by Pope Innocent IV
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English Parliament was formed to advise and take power away from the king
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Johannes Gutenberg invented the first movable type to print books more effectively during the Renaissance
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Pope Sixtus IV authorized the Spanish Inquisition to combat heresy
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Christopher Columbus discovered what he thought was India and the Indies, but instead found the West Indies, Islands off the coast of the Americas
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Leonardo da Vinci finished his version of the famous painting The Last Supper during the Renaissance
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Vasco da Gama finally reached India, paving a new and more efficient path to India
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Michelangelo began to work on his famous sculptor, the Statue of David, during the Renaissance
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Most people are misled into believing that Columbus discovered the Americas, while the truth is Amerigo Vespucci actually did. The Americas were named after Amerigo.
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Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa during the Renaissance
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Desiderius Erasmus wrote " The Praise of Folly" during the Renaissance
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Michelangelo spent these years painting the ceiling of this church during the Renaissance
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Niccolo Machiavelli wrote his book, "The Prince" during the Renaissance
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Albrecht Durer engraved the famous piece Knight and Devil during the Renaissance
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Martin Luther nailed his "95 Theses" on his church's door during the Reformation
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Hernando Cortez landed in the Yucatan Peninsula, part of modern day Mexico, and starts the exploration of this land
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Ferdinand Magellan tried to circumnavigate the world, but was killed by a tribe of natives. One of his five ships and eighteen of his men made it back to Spain
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Martin Luther is summoned by Charles V to appear before the Imperial Diet at Worms and Edict of Worms is issued during the Reformation
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Pope Leo X issues the Decet Romanum Pontificem, excommunicating Martin Luther from the Catholic Church during the Reformation
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An army led by Hernando Cortez defeated the Aztecs at their capital, Tenochtitlán. The Aztecs were led by Montezuma.
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Babur defeated the sultan of Dehli, and founded the Mughal empire during the Renaissance time period
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Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas in the Andes Mountains of Peru. He executed the king, Atahuallpa.
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King Henry VIII created the Anglican Church to divorce one of his many wives, Catherine of Aragon, during the Reformation
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Jacques Cartier sailed across the Atlantic and discovered Canada, claiming it for France.
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The Society of Jesus was founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola, calling the followers Jesuits during the Reformation
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Pope Paul III recognizes the Jesuits as part of their religion during the Reformation
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Pope Paul III started the Roman Inquisition to combat heresy
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The Council of Trent fought back against the Reformation, AKA the Counter-Reformation. The ecumenical council of the Catholic Church met here 3 times between these dates
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A list of books created by Pope Paul IV that were banned for heretical content; caused the burning of hundreds of books during the Roman Inquisition
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A civil war in Europe caused the attacks on many Huguenots during the Reformation
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Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe to escape from an attacking fleet of ships, and returned home to Spain a hero.
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William Shakespeare wrote his famous play, "Romeo and Juliet," during the Renaissance
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King Henry IV granted Huguenots the right to religious freedom and the same rights as any other citizen during the Reformation
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This was the century where Louis XIV ruled France and was an amazing leader
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William Shakespeare wrote his famous play, "Hamlet" during the Renaissance
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Miguel de Cervantes published his famous book, "Don Quixote"
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Galileo Galilei created his version of the telescope
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Johannes Kepler creates the first two laws of planetary motion
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King Louis XIII becomes King of France at 8 years old during the Reformation
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A war between the Catholics and Protestants that dragged many countries into it, such as France and Spain; the Peace of Augsburg ended the war. happened during the Reformation
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Johannes Kepler create the third law of planetary motion
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Rene Descartes proposes his Laws of Refraction
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The English Civil War between the Puritan Parliament and the Monarchy started, leaded by Oliver Cromwell
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King Charles I was executed by Puritan members of Parliament and Cromwell as part of the English Civil War
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Oliver Cromwell and Puritan members of Parliament revolted against Charles I and established a dictatorship
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Thomas Hobbes published his book, "Leviathan"
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Cromwell dies and the monarchy is brought back by Charles II
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Isaac Newton proposes his Laws of Gravity
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Isaac Newton proposes his Laws of Motion
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James II is replaced by his daughter Mary and William of Orange
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The English Bill of Rights was written by Parliament as part of the arrangement between Parliament and William and Mary
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The English Bill of Rights is written by Parliament as a part of a deal between Parliament and William and Mary
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The construction of Versailles is finished, moving the political center of France
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Baron de Montesquieu published his book, "Spirit of Laws"
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau published his book, "The Social Contract"
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Revolutionaries stormed the Bastille, a prison, starting the great fear
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The National Assembly completed the new Constitution of 1791
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Louis XVI tried to sneak out of Paris to set up an army and return the absolute monarchy to France
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Robespierre starts the Reign of Terror by beheading Louis XVI
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Louis XVI was arrested and tried for treason. He was beheaded by Robespierre
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Robespierre was tried as threat to the revolution and beheaded, ending the Reign of Terror and allowing moderates to regain power
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Voltaire published his book, "Candide"
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Rebel moderates write the Constitution of 1795
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Napoleon defeated the Austrians, who outnumbered the French. This was one of Napoleon's famous battles
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Napoleon became the emperor of France by taking the crown from the pope, and crowning himself, which had never been done before
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Napoleon achieved his greatest victory against the Austrians and Prussians
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Napoleon is exiled to Elba, an island in the Mediterranean due to the Treaty of Fontainebleau after he abdicates his throne
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Napoleon's forces are slaughtered by the Russians at the Battle of Waterloo after marching into, and starting to come back out of Russia
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Napoleon is exiled once again to the island of St Helena in the Atlantic Ocean after he attempted to regain control of France
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Eugene Delacroix painted his famous painting, Liberty Leading the People
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John Locke Published his book, "Two Treatises on Government"
