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In 1419, Prince Henry started the first school of navigation at Sagres, Portugal. The goal of the school was to train people in navigation, map-making and science to prepare them to sail around the west coast of Africa.
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the Yongle Emperor had the Grand Canal of China repaired and reopened in order to supply the new capital of Beijing in the north with a steady flow of goods and southern foodstuffs. He commissioned most of the exploratory sea voyages of Zheng He.
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Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. As a favorite of the Yongle Emperor, whose usurpation he assisted, he rose to the top of the imperial hierarchy and served as commander of the southern capital Nanjing
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johan gutenberg invents the printing press. Johan Gutenberg's invention was profoundly important. It launched a revolution in printing.
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Probably the most famous example of fifteenth-century sculpture is the bronze David by Donatello. david is a nude male. david was also based off of the biblical david
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The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire, which occurred after a siege by the Ottoman Empire, under the command of Sultan Mehmed, against the defending army commanded by Emperor Constantine.
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this is a major battle in history. it is the start to the renaissance.
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the expedition sailed around the tip of Africa toward Portugal Dias sighted what is now called the Cape of Good Hope. He named it the Cape of Storms. However, King John later renamed it the Cape of Good Hope because its discovery indicated that a sea route to India would soon be found.
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Ferdinand and Isabella ended the Reconquista with a war against the Emirate of Granada that started in 1482 and ended with Granada's surrender on January 2, 1492. granada's was a muslim "state".
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this is important because they were very close to turning back. If they would have turned back then who knows how long it would have been till they found the americas.
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treaty of Tordesillas, agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.
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Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama becomes the first European to reach India via the Atlantic Ocean when he arrives at Calicut on the Malabar Coast.
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This is important because he charted and mapped the coast much better than columbus. His name is what is used for the name of the continent.
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The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait of a woman by Leonardo da Vinci, which has been said to be the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world.
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michelangelo paint the ceiling of the sistine chapel. this is very important because it is still there today. it is also one of todays greatest art pieces.
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Raphael paints school of Athens. The School of Athens, or Scuola di Atene in Italian, is one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael.
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The Prince is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus.
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luther posted 95 items wrong with the church. the start to the protestant reformation.
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He was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
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this was important because he is tring to take there gold. he ends up destoring the whole empire with disease and war. he captures atahualpa and takes the empires gold for a ransome and then kills him.
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He was the first Russian to be called czar. Ivan had a good period that lasted from 1547 to 1560 where he won great victories. Ivan's bad period began in 1560 where he ruled with fear.
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this is important because Jacques Cartier was a French explorer of Breton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River.
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henry the 8th exectueted his wife. aloud henry to have a son with jane seysomre
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he was the only son of henry the 8th. anglican church becomes solitified under him.
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he starts his own order of priest. he focuses the church on education
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Mary becomes the queen of england. Her executions of Protestants caused her subjects to give her the sobriquet "Bloody Mary". She was the only child of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon who survived to adulthood.
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philip inherited spain, the spanish netherlands and the american colonies. He had great wealth because he claimed about a forth of every shipload of gold and silver as his royal share. philip also thought he had to defend catholicism.
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This is important because anglican daughter of henry becomes queen. she begans elizabethan age.
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this made them them from different countries at the time becasue the became religous tolerate and they became a republic
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This battle was won by the english but the spanish had a much larger navy. the spanish was never as strong after this battle. all other eurapean countries will fight for that top spot.
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The East India Company was originally chartered as the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies, and more properly called the Honourable East India Company
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The Dutch East India Company was a chartered company established in 1602, when the States General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia
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Henry and his teenage son John, and seven crewmen loyal to henry were set adrift from the Discovery in an open boat, The Pricket journal reports that the mutineers provided the castaways with clothing, powder and shot, some pikes, an iron pot, some meal, and other miscellaneous items.
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william was a righter of amazing works. His death was the end to his amazing works
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this was a conflict over religion, over territory, and for power among european ruling families. Its first part was where the hapsburg triumphs and the secound part was the hapsburg defeat.
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he had done 2 things to increase the power of the bourbon monarchy. first he moved against the Huguenots. secound he sought to weaken the nobles.
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charles always needed money becausehe was at war with spain and france. when parliament would not give him money he would dissolve it. charles signed the petiton of right that gave theking less power
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The book discusses the two rival astronomical theories - the Ptolemaic, according to which the earth is the center of the world, and the Copernican, which assumes that the sun is immobile and that the planets revolve around it. this is very important because it was a theory that was out lawed by the catholic church. galileo was put in jail for publising it.
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Discourse on the Method is Descartes’ attempt to explain his method of reasoning through even the most difficult of problems. He illustrates the development of this method through brief autobiographical sketches interspersed with philosophical arguments. this method is imprtant because it is the basses of every modern science experiments.
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This is important because fredrick and his descendants work to protect their lands by moving towards an absolute monarchy. They built a force of 80,000 men. Also weakened the representative
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This is important because he becomes king at age 5. he is also the french king that is known for his control over the nobels, creation of self portraits, and his luxurious and pompous living.
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The condition in which people give up some individual liberty in exchange for some common security is the social contact. this is important to todays way of life because that is how we live today.
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this is important because After Charles II came to the throne, the English became very interested in the Dutch holdings. In 1664, he granted the land to his brother, the Duke of York, before officially owning it When a powerful English military unit appeared in New Amsterdam, Governor Stuyvesant was forced to surrender and New Netherland became New York.
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this is important because now the french own a ton of more land. all the land that he explored was given to king louis XIV. this is later sold to the us known as the louisiana purchase
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this 1679 law gave every prisoner the rightto obtain a writ or document orderning that the prisoner be brought before a judge. because of habeas corpus the monarchy could not put any one in jail that they wanted.
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The mathematical principles of natural philosophy was revolutionizing because it provided an exact quantitative description of the motions of visible bodies, the significance of which is apparent in Newton’s laws of motion. this is imprtant because his laws are now why we understand gravity and motion a lot more
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these bills make clear the limits of royal power. it listed things like: no suspending of parliament's laws, no leving of taxes without a specific grant from parliament, no interfering with freedom of speech in parliament.
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peter became the first sole ruler of russia. he is known to history as peter the great, becasue he awas one of russia's greatest reformers. he also continued the trend of increasing the czar's power.
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peters goal was to learn about european customs and industrial techniques. peter also wanted to wersternize russia. so he ahd done many things the same that england and other western countries have done.
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england, austria, the dutch republic, portugal, and several german and italian states joined together against Fance and Spain. the long struggle that followed was the war of the spanish succession. the big winner in the war was Great Britian.
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Frederick in German memory became a great national hero in 19th century Germany; many Germans said "he was the greatest monarch in modern history." German historians often made him the romantic model of a glorified warrior, praising his leadership, administrative efficiency, devotion to duty and success in building up Prussia to a leading role in Europe.
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Building on and revising a discussion in John Locke's Second Treatise of Government, Montesquieu argues that the executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government should be assigned to different bodies, so that attempts by one branch of government to infringe on political liberty might be restrained by the other branches. this is how are government is set up today.
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Diderot’s importance in the history of science derives from his having edited the Encyclopédie and from a sensibility that anticipated and epitomized moral, psychological, and social opportunities and stresses attending the assimilation of science into culture. this is impoortnt because this book is widely used today.
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This war was started by Fredrick when he attacked saxony. Soon every European power was in this war. It didn't change in territorial situations in Europe but it did on other continents
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this is important because the Seven Years War was global conflict known in America as the French and Indian War, officially begins when England declares war on France. However, fighting and skirmishes between England and France had been going on in North America for years
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Beccaria put forth some of the first modern arguments against the death penalty. His treatise was also the first full work of penology, advocating reform of the criminal law system. The book was the first full-scale work to tackle criminal reform and to suggest that criminal justice should conform to rational principles. it help put together our punishment system.
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n February, 1772, the agreement of partition was signed in Vienna. Early in August, the Russian, Prussian and Austrian troops simultaneously invaded the Commonwealth and occupied the provinces agreed upon among themselves. On August 5, 1772, the occupation manifesto was issued, much to the consternation of a country too exhausted by the endeavors of the Confederation of Bar to offer successful resistance. This is because poland today is much smaller.
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amuel Adams organized a raid against 3 British ships in Boston Harbor, and they dumped 342 chests of tea into the water. This was just the beginning of the rebellious acts that led to the American Revolutionary War. these attacks were what set off the war that let us become our own country.
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Priestley placed a piece of mercuric oxide into a test chamber. When he sampled the gas, he found that it had an unusual property - it would burn a candle brightly. Priestley had just discovered what would later be known as oxygen. this is important because he was the first one to separate oxygen from air. this makes it possible for people that have breathing problems to have just a tank of oxygen.
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the first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington. The militia were outnumbered and fell back, and the regulars proceeded on to Concord, where they searched for the supplies. At the North Bridge in Concord, approximately 500 militiamen fought and defeated three companies of the King's troops. The outnumbered regulars fell back from the "Minutemen" after a pitched battle in open territory. This is imprtant because it started the seperation of the two countries.
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The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, was firmly based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment. This document made America offically separate from Britain, and laid the foundation for the U.S. becoming a strong and independent nation. This is imprtant because with out it we would still be connected to Britain.
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The nobles and clerics were traditionally exempt from taxes, and the burden fell mainly on the peasants. After paying dues to the landlord, the serfs were unable to create high tax revenues for Joseph's centralized state. The Emperor recognized that the abolishment of the feudal system would allow peasants to pay higher tax rates to the state. This effects us today because they might not have become the country they were today if they kept surfs.
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The Constitution outlines our government and, along with the Bill of Rights, puts into place both checks-and-balances and a federal system. The signing of the Constitution marked the beginning of a free country. Today it effects us because with out it we wouldn't have truely became a country.
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this is important because this was the first revolt that began a rebellion of black African slaves. It ended 11 years later with the French defeat at the Battle of Vertières.
