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The Renaissance sparks the idea of a new perspectives and cultural awakenings. This time emphasizes art, the economy, and education along with the themes of: individualism, humanism, and secularism
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Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain to find new trade routes to India. Instead he discovers the New World, which later becomes the fleeing grounds of the persecuted Puritans.
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The 95 Theses by Martin Luther attacks the indulgences of the Catholic Church. They also begin the revolt against the Catholic Church, and the Lutheran religion is created.
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The Scientific Revolution stirs thoughts of understanding and knowledge about the physical universe. The scientific method emerges during this time along with numerous theories about the universe.
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The Edict of Nantes is passed under the rule of King Henry IV. This allows religious freedoms for the French Protestants.
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The English Civil War is the dispute between the Round Heads, the Parliament, and the Cavaliers, the king. This dispute is due to King Charles I refused cooperation with Parliament.
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King Louis XIV revokes the Edict of Nantes by passing the Edict of Fontainebleau. This elimates the religious freedom and protection of the French Protestants.
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The Glorious Revolution is when James II fled to France. This led to the transfer of power over to William and Mary of Orange.
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Peter the Great builds St. Petersburg and makes it Russia’s capital. It becomes their window to the west and helps westernize them.
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The American Revolution broke out because of the colonies desire for their own independence. France, Spain, and the Netherlands joined the United States against Great Britain who is then defeated.
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The French Revolution begins with a growing tension between the people and their monarch. This eventually leads to the takeover of the Bastille and then the creation of the guillotine.
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The Congress of Vienna is a meet of the British, French, Prussian, Russian, and Austrian powers in Vienna, Austria. This is to balance the European powers again and repair the damage by previous leaders.
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The Monroe Doctrine is issued by President James Monroe to prevent foreign interference. It states that if a European country attempts to take control of a western hemisphere country, the United States will consider it a threat and an act for war.
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Commodore Matthew Perry arrives to Japan heavily armed with warships, forcing Japan to negotiate unless they are looking to war. The Treaty of Kanagawa is signed, allowing for trade to begin between Japan and other nations.
