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This was an intellectual and philosophical movement. It was also called the "Century of Philosophy".
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This time was mainly about art, music, and writing. Many different forms of art were created prolifically, causing many of those creators into legends.
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The Black Death sweeps over Europe, killing sixty percent of the world's population. The losses were devastating, and the disease spread absurdly quickly. It spread quickly due to their horrible living conditions and hygiene, especially how they disposed of waste and the few times they showered or bathed.
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Artist Brunelleschi was the creator of linear perspective, a crucial technique in art where all of the lines in a painting or drawing meet at one point. This made the paintings look more three dimensional and more realistic. This revolutionized art, making a whole new age of even better art.
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Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1445, eventually causing a spike in literacy due to the new availability of books and pamphlets. More and more books were printed, including bibles. Because of this more people followed certain religions, especially Christianity, due to the newer and cheaper access.
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Philip II of Spain was even more problematic than Henry by starting the Spanish Inquisition. This resulted in the killing of about 25,000.
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In 1492 Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbeans. While he thought he had 'discovered' what is now America, he had been completely wrong. Overall he just didn't do a great job...
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Michelangelo began painting the Sistine Chapel in 1514. His paintings of course included many biblical scenes, becoming one of the most important pieces of art from the renaissance. It's still there today, something tourists from around the world fly to come admire.
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Unable to have a son with any of his six wives. He beheaded two of them as well. He also created the Anglican church, simply because he wasn't allowed an annulment from his first wife.
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This was the age of the absolute monarch. Louis XIV was a poster child for this time, being the image most think of.
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Elizabeth I was very effective and defeated the Spanish Armada sent by Philip II of Spain. She was a daughter off Hennry VII, and the last ruler of the Tudor Dynasty.
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In 1610 Galileo determined planets revolve around the sun, versus when it was thought that everything revolved around earth. He did this with his invention of the telescope, so he was a pretty cool dude. Galileo was considered anti-church and sentenced to life imprisonment, but the church realized their mistake and freed him.
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Violence broke out between Catholics and Protestants. It spread across Europe, except for Britain. It then ended in 1648 with the treaty of Westphalia.
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This war challenged the power to the absolute monarch. It was also a crucial war in Britain's history, being a series of battles between Parliamentarians and Royalists over the manner of England's government.
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In 1643 Louis XIV took rule of France. He projected a "sun God" imagine, meaning all light in France came from him. He also constructed the palace of Versailles. Louis tried to remove nobles from power and also worked against parliament.
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In 1650 Charles was defeated in the second Civil War in England. He was executed, convicted of provoking the second Civil War.
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Became the czar of Russia at the early age of ten. Eventually he became famous for his extreme reforms trying to make Russia a great and feared nation. He also created a strong navy and secularized schools.
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In 1688 King James II was overthrown and replaced with the joint monarchy of his protestant daughter (Mary) and her Dutch husband (William). It was the keystone of the Whig, which were those opposed to a Catholic succession, a very big deal way back when.
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The new king and queen of Britain had to sign this bill before they were even ensured their roles in the country. It prevented the king and queen from raising taxes without parliaments permission, limiting their power greatly. This all led to Britain becoming a constitutional monarchy.
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The first central bank was created in England in 1694. This was the first central bank ever, right in London.
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James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny. This machine allowed one worker to spine eight needles, speeding up work tremendously.
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This was the most important war in American history. Lasting nearly twenty years, it took a lot of sacrifices and perserverance, but now we have our country because of it.
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The first shots of the war were fired at Lexington and Concord. The news travels quickly, causing thousands of volunteers to converge in Massachusetts. These were the beginning of the Continental Army, and the beginnings of the fight for our independence.
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Being the first major battle of the war, colonists with no experience hold off British veterans for more than two hours. Eventually they were forced to abandon their position, including the high ground on Bunker Hill.
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America declared it's dependence on July 4, 1776. This followed over a decade of annoyance over taxes and a year of war. King George doesn't want to let go though, continuing to fight the colonist army.
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The Treaty of Paris ratified the independence of America. Canada remained a British province, beginning its separate journey to becoming a US neighbor. Another war with England (War of 1812) was necessary to truly secure America as an independent nation.
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King Louis is brought from Versailles to the Tuileries palace in Paris. The rest of the royal family is brought with him.
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On July 14th in Paris, France the Bastille was stormed, basically kickstarting the revolution. This represented taking down the abusive monarchy.
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The Women's March on Versailles was one of the most important and earliest events of the revolution. Women, soaked from the rain, marched on Versailles demanding brad to feed their families.
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The Third Estate decided to break from the Estates General and draw up their own constitution. They then took this oath; "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established". It was a very important event in the beginning of the French Revolution.
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The French Revolution progressed France significantly. The people wanted and needed a new government.
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The Reign of Terror began in 1793 when the First French Republic was established. Many, many people were executed by the guillotine.
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The new constitution is formed. it has two houses; Council of Ancients and Council of 500.
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This was the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution. It was also the first beginnings of the National Assembly.
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Napoleon crowns himself emperor. He suffers major defeat in 1812 in Russia, and he is sent to Elba in 1814.
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Napoleon abdicated as emperor and was sent into exile on Elba. He was given soveriegnt over the other island and actually had his own navy.
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Napoleon escaped Elba on June first of 1815, landing in southern France. He also gathered an army as he marched towards Paris.
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After losing support at home, Napoleon turned to the battlefield where he faced the largest Coalition army yet. He was defeated, soon escaping Fontainebleau.
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Napoleon abdicated a second time and attempted to escape to the United States. He was captured by the British and eventually transported to the island of St. Helena, where he remained for the rest of his life. He died on St. Helena in 1821.
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The Industrial Revolution lasted twenty years. As a result of it life is ten times easier. The inventions continued to improve through the decades, leading to where we are now.
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10,000 people die because of the Cholera epidemic. This mainly happened in England, specifically London.
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The Education Act made school required by law for children up to age 10. By doing this the illiteracy rate went down, resulting in much more intelligent adults thant before.
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Working conditions were awful, especially for young children. This factory act raised the minimum work age to twelve years old, but only later did real change come with labor laws.
