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It started in 1096 an ended in 1200. Between the muslims and crusades. Fought for holy land.
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The food prices declined. Their was changes from loss of life. The demend for agriculteral goods increased.
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War between the English and the French. King Edward declared he was the kinf of France. They had to pick a winner.
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Wiped out a third of Europeans. It was carried by rats on trade ships. Entire towns were wiped out.
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A peasant and his rebel army overthrew the last Mongol emporor. Ming lasted for 300 years until 1644. Chinas rulers gained control of Korea, Mongolia and parts of Central and Souteast Asia. 1368 to 1644
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He printed the bible. He invented the printer
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1405 to 1433. He led 7 voyages around the Indian Ocean as far as Africa. To show China's power, he sailed with huge fleets of as many as 300 ships. The fleets included trading ships called junks as well as immense treasure ships, each about 400 feet long.
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He was a military leader. Someone made her a cross and put it in front of her before she got burned. She was 19 when she got burned.
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Westerners came to refer to Osman and his descendants are known at Ottomans. The power grew quickly, and by the mid-1300s the Ottomans controlled much of Anatolia. Orhan I became the second Ottomon and declared himself sultan, Arabic for "ruler"
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He did not expect the voyage to be long. He believed he reached Asia by sailing West.
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They only got 4 months to sell their property and leave the country. Tried to stop Christians to going back to Jews. Some were aloud to return but they werent aloud to.
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The journey took 10 months. He stopped at several African ports where he learned that Muslim merchants were already activily involved in trade.
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A shortage of labor in America led to the beggining of the Atlantic Slave Trade. FIrst used Native Americans as workers. Millions of Africans were forcibily taken to America before trade ended in the 1800's.
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East of the Ottomans, Persian Muslims called the Safavids began building an empire around 1500. They soon came into conflict with the Ottomans and other Muslims. The conflict related to Islams split into the rival Sunni and Shai sects.
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It was named after Amerigo Vespucci. Columbas sailed their first. Voyage lasted several months.
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One of his most famous paintings. Still admired today
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He finished it in 1512. It was a ceiling painting. It covered 12000 square feet of ceiling.
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He nailed a piece of paper to the door of the castle church containing 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. He condemned the excesses and corruptiong of the Roman Catholic Church.
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He sailed West around the world. He was killed in a fight against the Native people. There was only 18 survivors.
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The man who took advantage of India's weakness was a young Central Asian conqueror named Zahir ud-Din, but better known as Babur or "the tiger". After trying and failing to create an empire in Central Asia, he turned to India. He had defeated the rulers of Delhi and founded the Mughal Empire.
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He changed the rituals of the church very little. He closed Catholic monasteries and convents and distributed much of the land to nobles. That helped more public support for the split from the church.
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He heard about the fabulous wealth of Peru's Inca Empire and hope to win some of that for himself. The Inca Empire he found was already weakened significantly from smallpox.
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He carefully observated for years.
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Reconizing the need to redefine the doctrines of the Catholic faith, Pope Paul convened it. It met on and off until 1563. Its delegates examined the criticisms made by Protestants about Catholic practices.
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Wanted to spread the Roman Catholic faith and conquer England. Spain reached the peak of its grandeur during the reign of Phillip II. One reason for this prosperity was the steady stream of gold and silver that flowed from its American Colonies.
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She restored the church of England and support for protestant. One of her first acts as queen was to draft a new supremacy act in 1559, splitting England once again from Rome. She was threatened by Catholics who plotted to place Mary, Queen of Scots, on to the throne.
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It lasted until 1792. It was a cultural movement. It emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition.
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It was the first colony that was established. The settlers hoped to find gold and silver and possibly a river route to the Pacific. Instead they found marshy ground and impure water.
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After Louis XIII died he became crowned. He was the best example of a Monarch, he led France during a time of great power, prosperity, and glory. His reign had a lasting impact on France both positive and negative.
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He ruled harshly and only lasted 15 years. The Manchu rulers carried over much of the Ming government structure. They had two outstanding emporers who reduced taxes for peasants and expanded the empire into parts of central Asia.
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He described humans as being naturally selfish and fearful. Its a classic work of political science. He argued that people needed an all-powerful monarch to tell them how to live.
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He put Russia on a different course. The title was a version of the latin word ceasar, or emporer, the tite used by the Romans. The new czar whose name was Ivan, intended to rule without limits on his power
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After her husband became Czar Peter III, Catherine and many Rusian nobles grew angry at his weak and incompetent. With the help of her allies, Catherine seized power from the new czar; who was murdered. She was declared czarina of Russia.
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Long-standing resentments against the French Monarchy fueled anger throughout France. The king at the time was King Louis XVI. The Queen was Marie-Antoinette. They lived 10 miles outside of Paris.
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Delegates met at a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to revise the articles. Instead they wrote a new constitution. The U.S. Constitution remains the oldest written constitution still in use today.
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It was a period of violence that occured after the onset of the French Revolution. It was like a purging France of the people who were a threat to national security. It only lasted 9 months and 16000 people were killed.
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The turmoil of the French Revolution gave him a prime opportunity to rise quickly to power. Within a few short years, he would rise from a mere army captain to become the ruler of France. Napoleon was a brilliant military leader who achieved many early successes.
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They fought against British troops led by Duke of Wellington. The French helped the British but but Napoleans army was no mathc for them.
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They closely controlled the daimyo, who still held power at a local level. They established his capital at a quiet fishing village named Edo. By establishing a strong, central government he later brought about a period of relative unity, peace and stability in Japan
