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They crusades were fighting for the holy land. After a series of battles that lasted three years they finally recaptured Jerusalem. However other crusades that happened in the future were less successful.
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The renaissance was the era of the ideas in things such as art, literature, science and learning. The renaissance started in Italy because it's cities, trade and it's merchant class. W/hen people began to focus on themselves the reformation began.
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The black death was also known as the bubonic plague. It began in Asia and wer espread to differnt countries by trading ships. Rats on the ship had infected fleas on them and they transmitted them to people.
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Kublai Khan conquered China which is how the Ming Dynasty was founded. During Zhu Yuanzhang rule, he was successful in gaining control over Korea, Mongolia, and parts of Central and Southeast Asia and lasted for nearly 300 years. Part of the Ming Dynasty was getting ride of voyages for what they thought was right, isolation from the outside world.
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Zheng He lead voyages from the Indian Ocean to as far as Africa. When he sailed he had around 300 ships, each about 400 feet long. Everytime he sailed he brought things back from wherever he went.
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Joan of Arc was 19 when she was burned at the stake. She died of smoke inhalation. Some even say that she was recorded of getting burned a second time.
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The Ottomans lead a major land and sea battle against the Constantinople, using cannons to break down city walls. The battle lasted for almost 2 months then thet Constantinople fell. After the battle the Ottomans turned their city into a Muslim one and had people moving their from across the empire.
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The 100 year was used to describe the conflict between the kings and kingdoms of France and England against each other. One factor of it was the status of the duchy of Guyenne, some thought it belonged to Kings of England but stayed in French crown. The second factor is the Kings of England from 1337 claimed the crown of France.
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Gutenberg set the letters of the alphabet onto a metal plate and locked them into place, creating the printing press. This allowed for mass production of papers and books. The first item that was published was a 1282 page Bible.
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Columbus was out to reach Asia by sailing across the Atlantic ocean. He did not know that the Americas were in between him and his goals nor did he realize how big the earth actually was. Columbus was on sea for nearly a month when he finaly reached land on October 12th he still didn't realize he had landed on the Americas and belived he had hit Asia until he died.
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A royal edict is issued by the nation’s Catholic rulers declaring that all Jews who refuse to convert to Christianity will be expelled from the country. Most Spanish Jews chose exile rather than the renunciation of their religion and culture. Among those who chose conversion, some risked their lives by secretly practicing Judaism, while many sincere converts were nonetheless persecuted by the Spanish Inquisition.
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When he set out to India it took him 10 minths to get there. On the way he stopped at African ports and found out that muslims were already involved in trade. When Da Gama returned it brought excitement to the Portuguese.
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The slave trade lasted for 400 eyars and was bad for all societies in West Africa. Many people died in the process of slave trading. It seperated Africans from one another so many people fought against their own people.
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The founder of the Safavid Empire was a boy names Esma'il. Gained control over Iran and part of Iraq from his many victorys. When he made Shiism the religion it worried advisers because people in the empire were Sunnis.
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The tokugawa shoguns brought peace to the city of Japan. The shoguns required people to live in Edo, leaving their family's year-round to basically become other people's slaves. With these conditions it caused the empire to rule two empires which was very expensive but ended up causing the outcome to be good, better trade.
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The Americas is named after Amerigo Vespucci. Amerigo was a navigator that traveled the new world. Christopher Columbus thought he had found a new route to Asia but was actually the new world. Amerigo found out awhile after that happened but Christopher Columbus thought he had found a route to Asia the rest of his life.
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Da vinci was many things along with being a painter. Two of his most famous paintings were the last super and the mona lisa. The mona lisa tries to capture the diversity of the human spirit with it's strange smile.
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Michelangelos most well known work was the Sistine Chapel painting. Included in this painting are famous scenes from the Old Testament in the Bible. It took him 4 years to finish.
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It was criticizing the church and the pope and saying what he thought was sinful. Was mainly pointed toward not townspeople but the church leaders. It made the desire for reform grow and since it was in Latin the printing press changed the language and was published and spread across Europe.
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When he started sailing he had 5 ships and 250 men. After months at sea Magellan's fleet finally reached the Philippines. There he was killed in a fight against the native people but early Septemeber, 1522 18 survivors of the fleet landed in spain and they were the first people to go all around the world.
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After the man, Babur, defeated rulers of Delhi he found the Mughal Empire. It was one of the first Muslim empires and was know as one of the great civilizations of history. It was also know for it's wealth and power.
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With knowing the wealth of the Inca empire Pizarro hoped to win some of that for himself on his expedition to Peru. Disease had just recently killed most of the population with a new emperor ruling. Pizarro demanded Atahualpa to go to Christianity and hand the wealthy empire over to Spain but he refused to do so and the Spanish killed Pizarro.
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Created the church so that he could divorce his wife and re-marry. He had parliament passed laws that ended the power of the pope in England. He then passed the act of supremacy which made him head of the church.
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Copernicus realized that the geocentric movement did not explain the movement of the sun, moon and stars. After he observed this for years he made the conclusion that the sun was the middle of the solar system, not the earth. With knowing that Copernicus also discovered that the earth revolved around the sun which is know as the heliocentric theory.
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The council of Trent was thought of because Pope Paul III thought people needed to redefine the doctrines with Catholic faith. People in the Council of Trent met in Italy decide how to deal with this problem. They basically made rules in the Catholic church that Catholics had to follow.
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Spain reached it's peak during Phillip's reign. Gold and silver flowed from American colonies during his reign also. With that much wealth, it caused Spain's power to grow immensly even though all of that couldn't solve Spain's problems.
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Elizabeth 1 became Queen of England. The first official act that she did was pass the act known as the Supremacy Act, which split England from Rome once again. Throughout her reign, she was faced with many challenges, but came out victorious and firmly established the Church of England.
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Oliver Cromwell was the leader as an army general of the Roundheads. He inherited the Scotland and Ireland fight o, therefore he passed a law that damaged the Dutch which broke out in another war. When Cromwell fully took power he let go of all members of the Parliament that disagreed with him with what was let was called the Rump Parliament which eventaully charged the king of treason and in the end was killed for it.
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Jamestown was established as the irst english colonies in America. The settlers of Jamestown hoped to find gold and silverand even a river route to the specific ocean but instead found impure water. The settlers of Jamestown were not prepared for their first winter, nearly 80% of them died and almost ended the colony.
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Louis became King at a very young age just like his father. His reign had a good and bad impact on France, for example he had began a tradition of monarchy that lasted a century. Religion was also under his control.
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During the the Qng Dynasty China had it's largest size in history. To win the support of the Chinese they had to distribute positions in government equally to the Chinese and the Manchu which did indead win over the the loyalty and respect of many Chinese. The Manchu and the Chinese stayed seperate during all of this and even set some restrictions like not being able to marry one another.
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The book Leviathan gots it's name from biblical Leviathan. It's work describes structure of society and legitimate government. It also describes the most influential social contract theory.
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When he took thrown, he took it at a young and so his sister insisted on ruling in his place until age 17 when he removed her name from the throne. One of Peter's first acts was to attack Azoc, Black sea held by Turks. Stood side-by-side by hundreds of carpenters so he could build many ships.
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Ideas from the Enlightenment spread very quickly to countries surrounding Europe. Some famous people during this time period were Mary Wollstonecraft, Adam Smith, and Voltaire. Some of the monarchs came up with a ruling system that followed ideas from the Enlightenment.
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Catherine came to Russia to marry a grandson of Peter the great, but was a ctually a German princess. When her husband turned into Czar Peter III many grew angry with his weak ruling of the country, with that Catherine wanted power from the new Czar and he was murdered making her the new czarina of Russia. She faced many conflicts like the facing war in Poland where people wanted freedom from Russian influence, but Russia won.
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Citizens in France began to revolt because of an unequal structure in the French government and society. One example of this was the political structure they had called the Old Order which basically gave the king all the power. Another example was Louis XVI, who lived in the Palace of Versailles while peasants and farmers died in wooden shacks.
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The U.S. constitution was adopted and signed September 1787, but signing wasn't enough. The constitution had to be ratified by nine of the thirteen states before it became known of. That finally happened when New Hampshire ratified it in June 1789.
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The reign of terror was a period of violence. It was caused by the oneset of the French Revolution, by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins. The death tole had gotten to the range of ten thousands. Also 25,000 in summary executions across France.
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When Napoleon became emperor he quickly moved to gain power over France. He began many wars that was called the Napoleonic wars. No one actually gave Napolean his authority, he took it himself which the world found out from him grabbing the crown and putting it on his head himslef.
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The battle was delayed until late morning because of heavy rain. When the fighting finally began, it was ferocious and deadly. Casualties of the war totaled on both sides close to 50,000 men.
