West and the World

Bubonic Plague Begins

Jan 1, 1347

-Called the "black death"
-Killed off a third of Europes population
-Incurable

Renaissance Begins

Jan 1, 1350

-Means "rebirth" -what was reborn was classicism
-The characteristic senssibility was humanism-focusing on human beings-their freedom, power, uniquness, and individuality

West and the World

Period: Jan 1, 1350 to Jan 1, 1600

Brunelleschi Creates Linear Perspective

Jan 1, 1413

-intended that it only be observed by the viewer holding the unpainted back of the picture against his/her eye with one hand, and a mirror in the other hand facing and reflecting the painted side. In other words, Brunelleschi wanted his new perspective "realism" to be tested not by comparing the painted image to the actual Baptistery but to its reflection in a mirror according to the Euclidean laws of geometric optics. This feat showed artists vividly how they might paint their images, not merel

Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orleans

Oct 12, 1429

-The English sought to assert Henry VI's claim to the French throne through the Treaty of Troyes
-Joan and her troops went to relieve the French
-The French gained land
-Next day English thought the French would attack but they did not, so the English retreated, making the French able to siege Orleans

Johann Gutenberg Invents the Printing Press

Jan 1, 1439

-Accredited with printing the world's first book using movable-type-Gutenberg Bible

Cosimo de Medici died

Aug 1, 1464

-Was the first of the Medici political dynasty

The Spanish Inquisition Begins

Oct 17, 1483

-Intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the Medieval Inquisition which was under Papal control

Sandro Botticelli Paints Birth of Venus

Jan 1, 1486

Columbus Discovers the Americas

Oct 12, 1492

-Meant to sail to the Indies where there was gold and other riches

da Vinci Paints The Last Supper

Jan 1, 1495

-created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza and his duchess Beatrice d'Este. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as it is told in the Gospel of John 13:21, when Jesus announces that one of his Twelve Apostles would betray him.

Raphael Paints The School of Athens

Jan 1, 1510

-One of the most famous frescoes in Renaissance Itlay

Michelangelo Paints the Sistine Chapel

Jan 1, 1512

-131 feet long by 43 feet wide
-Along the central section Michelangelo painted nine scenes from the Book of Genesis
-It was a visual metaphor of humankind's need for a covenant with God

Thomas More Utopia

Jan 1, 1514

-Most scholars see it as a comment/criticism of contemporary European society
-Utopia has been used ever since to describe an imaginary society with unusual ideas being contemplated
-Argued that ge was writing to prove the perfect commonealth could not occur with private property

Martin Luther 95 Theses

Jan 1, 1514

-Disputation on Power and Efficacy of Indulgences
-Widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Refromation
-Protests against clergical abuses-especially the sale of indulgences

Machiavelli Writes The Prince

Jan 1, 1514

• a political treatise

Start of European Wars of Religion

Jan 1, 1524

-series of wars waged in Europe from 1524 to 1648, following the onset of the Protestant Reformation in Western and Northern Europe. Although sometimes unconnected, all of these wars were strongly influenced by the religious change of the period, and the conflict and rivalry that it produced.

Ivan the Terrible is born

Aug 25, 1530

-Grand Prince of Moscow
-Prone to rages and episodic outbreaks of mental illness

Jesuit Order Founded by Ignatius

Jan 1, 1534

-Major spearheads in the Counter-Reformation

Desiderius Eramus died

Jul 12, 1536

-Helped with Reformation by reforming the Church from within

Henry VIII of England is excommunicated

Dec 17, 1538

-Declared himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England
-Persecuted Protestants as well as those who remained loyal to the Pope

Scientific Revolution/Copenicus

Jan 1, 1543

Spain Declares Bankruptcy for the First Time

Jan 1, 1557

-Philip II of Spain had to declare four state bankruptcies in 1557, 1560, 1575 and 1596. Spain became the first sovereign nation in history to declare bankruptcy

Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I

Jan 15, 1559

-The fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty
-Imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels
-Called The Virgin Queen

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 24, 1572

-The murder of Protestants in Frances
-Almost 100 100 Protestants were killed in one week

Edict of Nantes

Apr 13, 1598

-Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic