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Jamestown was formed by the Virginia Company of London in 1607, it was the first permanent settlement in North America and became present day Virginia.
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Indentured servants were first used before slaves. However, by the 1700s, most labor needs were filled by the forceible importation of Africans.
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The House of Burgesses was first met on July 30, 1619, at a church in Jamestown. Its first order of business was to set a minimum price for the sale of tobacco.
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The Mayflower Compact is a document where they agreed to obey laws created for the general good. It pledged loyalty to God and the king, it also created a "community covenant" - a community based on the promises found in the Mayflower Compact.
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English (Anglo) - French rivalry led to the conflit. Both countries wanted the land west of the Appalachians and in Canada.
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England gained the land west of the Appalachins and in Canada from France.
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England prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachians, because it cost a lot to protect the colonists from Indian attacks there. This angered colonist that wanted to move out.
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Placed a tax on legal documents.
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Inventor: Eli Whitney, made cotton growing very profitable.
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Colonists and British soliders in Boston competed over jobs, one evening, a mob of anti-british demonstrators formed. British troops fired into the mob, 5 colonists died.
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England put restrictions on tea. Colonists boarded tea ships in Boston and threw the tea in the water.
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A meeting took place in Philadelphia from all 13 colonies except Georgia, it issued a statement of Colonial Rights, urging colonies to form militias.
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British troops attacked a colonial weapon stockpile, minutemen were assembled and the fight erupted.
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Created a Continental Army, George Washington was the general. It issued the "Olive Branch Petition" it was the final peace offering and it was rejected.
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It was issued by the Continental Congress and was written by Thomas Jefferson. The colonies officially seperated from England.
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13 newly independent states united into one country (United States of America). American political leaders adopted a weak national government at the end of the Revolutionary War.
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Time period during which the U.S. was under the Articles of Confederation.
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French general Marquis de Lafayette developed a plan. The French blocked the exit of the Chesapeake Bay. Americans and French surround Cornwallis/The British, Cornwallis surrendered.
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Established a plan for surveying the western lands.
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Called to settle disputes among states over commerce, only 5 states showed up, They decided to hold another meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation, next meeting took place in Philadelphia.
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George Washington was president over the convention, seldom took part in the debates, his presence brought prestige to the meeting.
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Created 2-house congress, one Senate (each state gets 2 senators) two House of Representatives (representation based on population, balanced power between large and small states)
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Provided the process for the creation and admission of New States.
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Slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person when determining a state's representation in the House Representatives. Placated southern states.
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Debt-ridden farmers in Massachusetts Rebel due to high taxes.
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Set up the court system.
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Washington was the first president (1789-1797)
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The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
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John Adams (Federalist) defeated Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican).
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Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) deated John Adams (Federalist). 1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another.
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Gabe Prosser was a literate enslaved blacksmith who planned a large slave rebellion in the Richmond area in the summer of 1800.
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Jefferson brought this land from France, it doubled the size of the U.S. Also included land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
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Marshell declared a law unconstitutional, it established the power of the Judicial Review.
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British interference with American shipping, British aid to Indians in the west.
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Marshall upheld the federal governments right to establish a bank, he said a state couldn't tax the bank due to national supermacy.
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This divided the Lousiana Purchase at 36 - 30 degrees. North of the line was free and South of the line was slave, Missouri was a slave state and Maine was free.
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Divided LA Purchase at 36,30 degrees. North of the line was free, South of the line was slave. Admitted Maine as a free state, Missiouri as a slave state, maintained balance of slave and free states.
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The court overturned a steamboat monoply, it confirmed the federal governments power over commerce.
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Warned Europe against, future colonization in America, interference in any independent country in the Western Hemisphere.
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Time when democracy in the U.S. expanded. More people got involved in the electoral process.
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Andrew Jackson personified the "democratic" spirit of the age.
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This law was passed at Jackson's request. It forced all indians east of the Mississippi River to move to indian territory. (Present-day Oklahoma)
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From South Hampton, VA in 1832. Nat Turner led 80 slaves against 4 plantations. He was caught and hung.
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It was called the Old Mission House. Texans fortified themselves there, Mexican General Santa Anna attacked with superior forces. They fought until their last man died.
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Texans won independence, they were led by Sam Houston. The battle established the republic of Texas.
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The U.S. annexed the Republic of Texas and admitted it to the Union as the 28th state.
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President James K. Polk urged war. He wanted the Southwest. Mexico wouldn't sell it.
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Gold was discovered "49ers" rushed to CA.
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1st women's right convention was held in Seneca Falls, NY and was led by Elizabeth Cady Staton. This issued a Seneca Falls Declaration, document modeled on the Declaration of Independence and outlined women's rights and grievances.
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Part of the Compromise of 1850, it made it easier to catch runaway slaves. Many Northerners refused to enforce this law.
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CA entered as a free state, southwestern territories would decide on their own.
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A book by Harriet Beecher Stowe, protrayed the evils of slavery was widely read and increased support in the North for abolition.
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Repealed by giving KN and NB "popular sovereignty", this meant they could choose.
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A slave named Dred Scott sued for freedom after being taken into free territory by his owner. The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans aren't citizens so he had no right to sue, congress had no right to ban slavery in the territories. This case overturned efforts to limit the spread of slavery.
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The main issue was slavery, Abraham Lincoln, a Republican won the election.
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Fort Sumter was in South Carolina but it remained under Union (Northern) control. Confederates fired on Union ships that were to resupply Fort Sumte. This was the first battle of the Civil War.
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A law that gave free public land in the West in 160 acre plots, its only condition was that settlers had to use it for at least 5 years. Its purpose was to encourage Americans to settle west.
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Lee went North, lost at Antietam, MD. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
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It freed slave in the "rebelling" states. Its effects were the New Northern War aim for abolishing slavery not just restoring the Union, discouraged foreign intervention, Lincoln started using black troops (at Fredrick Douglass urging him).
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Lee pushed north into Pennslyvania, the battle lasted 3 days and Lee had to retreat.
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The Battle of Vicksburg took place in Mississippi, Grant wins and the confederacy is cut in half.
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A short speech by Abraham Lincoln, dedicating cemetery.
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A process of restoring the south to the union and determining the postition of African Americans.
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Abolished slavery.
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Lee surrendered, he also urged southerners to accept surrender and unite as Americans.
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Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth shortly after the war.
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Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel T. Tilden disputed election results.
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Put south under military occupation.
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Prohibited states from denying equal rights to any American, gave citizenship to African Americans.
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The founder of Knights of Labor was Uriah Stevens.
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Gave African Americans the right to vote.
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Northern and Western Europe, Germany, Great Britian, Ireland, Norway and Sweden.
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Southern and Eastern Europe, Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Asia, China and Japan.
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Established seperate facilities for whites and blacks (segregation).
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Indians were forced off their lands onto smaller and smaller reservations.
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Banned entry of almost all Chinese.
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A strong leader of the Women's Sufferage Movement.
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Knights of Labor protest in Chicago, a bomb went off near the police and 8 strikers were convicted.
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The founder was Samuel Gompers, they were a Craft Union. Only skilled workers from multiple industries, they used collective bargining. Unions and employers negotiate.
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Is a plan under which Indians would be forced to adopt American culture.
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The goals of the Dawes Act was to americanize the Indians, break up reservations and divided them into individual plots, and legally abolished tribes.
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This act prevented ant business structure that restrained trade. There goal was to outlaw trusts (monopolies) but it wasn't successful.
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Called the Carneige Steel Plant. Plant manager Henry Frick called the Pinkerton Detective Agency, it broke out into a major gun battle.
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Their founder was Eugene V. Debs, they were railway workers. There were skilled and unskilled workers.
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This was started by Pullmans railroad workers, they started a nationwide RR boycott, the federal government ended it.
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Supreme Court said "seperate but equal" did not violate the 14th amendment, it upheld Jim Crow laws of segregation.
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Chinese boxers, their goal was to remove foreign influence but it failed.
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Cubans rebelled against Spanish rule.
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U.S. annexed Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines. Cuba became free.
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Was created by the Secretary of State John Hay. This gave all nations equal trading rights in China. It called for fair competition. There goal was to end U.S./European competition, it also urged foreigners to obey Chinese law.
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Early 20th century reform movement. It used the government to institute reforms to fix problems caused by industrialization.
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U.S. asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
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TR added to the Monroe Doctorine, this reminded Europe not to interfere. This said U.S. would use force to protect its interest in Latin America.
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Period from 1910-1930 when many African-Americans moved from the rural south to northern cities.
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Creates federal income tax, is a "progressive tax" higher incomes pay higher rate.
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Voters could elect senators now, not state legislatures.
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This expanded the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. It outlawed price fixing and exempts Unions from Sherman act.
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Investigates business practices.
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War erupted in Europe in 1914.
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TR encouraged Panama to break from Columbia, Panama succeeded. Panama gave the U.S. rights to build a canal. In 1914 the U.S. finished the canal, it connected to the Atlantic and Pacific.
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U.S. entered the war because of German Submarine Warfare, Zimmerman Telegram and U.S. had close ties to Great Britian.
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Drafted 10 million men into the military.
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Wilson's peace plan. His goal was to eliminate the causes of war.
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Explosion of black intellectual and cultural life.
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Women gain the right to vote.
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Germany's punishment, Mandates, National boundaries were redrawn, League of Nations and etc.
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This amendment banned alcohol use.
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Put a quota of how many immigrants could come from each country. It allowed more from old immigrant areas than from new immigrant area. This effect basically ended immigration for several decades.
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TN teacher John Scopes was tried for teaching evolution. Trial sparked a national debate over evolution.
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President Herbert Hoover was elected in 1928, and he believed in "Rugged Individualism".
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The Stock Market Crash.
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Time of severe economic hardship in the U.S. from 1929-1941.
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Horrible on the Great Depression.
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New Union.
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FDR's program to deal with the Depression.
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Served as the 32nd President.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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Protected workers rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.
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Was the biggest New Deal Program, provided safe guards for workers, disability and unemployment compensation, old age pensions.
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Set maximum work hours and minmum wages.
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Stalin and Hitler agree not to attack each other.
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Germany invaded Poland from the west in 1939.
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Germany turned on the Soviet Union in mid-1941.
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Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7th 1941.
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Congress declares war at FDR's request.
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The U.S. navy beat a larger Japanese force and ended the threat to Hawaii.
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Invasion of Normandy, France.
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German counter offensive, the allies soon recovered.
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Supreme Court allowed internment.
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The uneasy peace after WWII, marked by a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from 1945-1991.
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The uneasy peace after WWII, marked by a rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, lasting from 1945-1991.
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East Germany became communist and remained under Soviet control. West Germany was temporarily under U.S., British, and French occupation, soon it resumed self gov't and became democratic.
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Allies from the West and Soviet Union from the East overran Germany, Germany surrendered.
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They dropped the first bomb in Hiroshima.
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The next day after bombing Hiroshima they bombed Nagasaki.
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Postwar trials of Naiz's for the war crimes in the Holocaust.
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Massive U.S. financial aid package to rebuild.
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The Soviets blockaded West Berlin, the U.S. flew them supplies.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) a defensive alliance among the United States and Western European countries.
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Leader was Moa Zedong. This increased U.S.'s fear of a communist world domination.
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This divided Korea, North was Communist and South was Democratic.
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He was elected in 1953 and his policy was "Massive Retaliation".
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North Vietnam tried to install communism in South Vietnam by force.
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Alliance among Soviet Union and Eastern European countries.
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The space race began, the Soviets launched Sputnik into space.
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Francis Gary Powers was shot down while spying over the Soviet Union.
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, this raised oil prices.
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He was Elected in 1960.
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Reagan said they could take the wall down.
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Between East and West Berlin.
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The Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba. JFK demanded their removal and blockaded Cuba. The world was close to nuclear war for many days, the soviets "blinked" and removed their missiles.
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In Dallas Texas, on 11/22/63 JFK was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. This shocked American's confidence and this began a period of internal strife.
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The presidental election was held.
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1968 to 1974.
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Detene collaspes, SALT II was signed but not ratified, the Soviets invaded Afghanistan.
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Nixon was exploting the rift between China and the Soviets, he hoped to get China on the U.S.'s side.
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Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev and signed the SALT treaty.
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5 men from Nixon's reelection committee got caught breaking into the Democratic Campagin Headquarters.
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In 1973 the last of the U.S. troops left.
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1977 to 1980
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President Jimmy Carter gave control back to Panama.
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Peace talks between Egypt and Isreal.
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52 Americans were taken into hostage in Iran.
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1981 to 1988
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"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall".
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Into Russia and 14 other countries, adopted market economy and democracy like the U.S.
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Gave atomic secrets to the Soviets and were electrocuted.
