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Africans controlled their own trading networks and provided their own trading items. European travel into Africa was virtually impossible because of disease and the difficulty of navigating Africa's rivers.
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There was gossip among the Sepoys that there was pork and beef in the grease on the cartridges for their rifles. The Sepoys that were disobedient and didn't use the cartridges were sent to jail. The next day the Sepoys rebelled. The rebellion spread to northern and central India. It took the East India Company a long time to regain control of the country once again.
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Isma'il, the son of Muhammad Ali, supported the building of the Suez Canal, a human-made waterway. It was built with French money and it used Egyptian labor. The British then took over of the Suez Canal.
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Fourteen European nations met in the Berlin Conference to divide Africa between themselves. No African authority or leader was involved in this decision. They divided the continent without recognition that Africa was already split up into many different ethnic and linguistic groups.
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When Queen Liliuokalani took the throne of Hawaii, she made a new constitution that would increase her power and restore the political power of the Hawaiians. A group of American businessmen overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy to prevent this from happening and Queen Lilioukalani was removed from power.
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Under the rule of Menelik II, the Italians tricked Ethiopia by wording the treaty differently in Italian and the Ethiopian language. Menelik declared war and they fought in the Battle of Adwa. The Ethiopians defeated the Italians and remained independent.
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As a result of the Spanish- American War, the US gained the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Filipino nationalists were not satisfied with the switch of power- from the Spanish to the Americans- so they declared independence and established the Philippine Republic.
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The Boer War was fought between the Boers, a group of Dutch farmers, and the British. The Boers used guerilla tactics and the British burned Boer farms and imprisoned women and children. Britain won the war and in 1910 they joined in the Union of South Africa.
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African tried to resist to European colonization, but because of the Europeans superior weaponry and technology, the Europeans always dominated. Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent.
