-
J.M. Jacquard
Frenchmen, invents the Jacquard Loom. -
Count Alessandro Volta
invents the battery. -
Richard Trevithick
an English mining engineer, developed the first steam-powered locomotive. Unfortunately, the machine was too heavy and broke the very rails it was traveling on. -
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
was the first person to take a photograph. He took the picture by setting up a machine called the camera obscura in the window of his home in France. It took eight hours for the camera to take the picture. -
Louis Braille
Frenchmen,invents braille printing for the blind. -
William Austin Burt
patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter. -
Great Trek
the Dutch Boers are pushed out of South Africa by the British. They establish Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State -
Opium War Began
Chinese officials destroyed a shipment of British opium resulting in a British blockade of Chinese ports, besieged Canton, and occupied Shanghai. The Treaty of Nanking ended the war -
Austria joined Britain and France in signing the Four Points of Vienna
1.Russia should renounce any claims to occupied territories
2.The 1841 Straits Convention would be revised
3.Navigation in the mouth of the Danube (on the Black Sea) should be internationalized
4.Russia should withdraw any claim to having a "special" protective role for the Greek Orthodox residents in the Ottoman Empire -
Alexander II signed the Peace of 1856
Alexander II who had always been opposed to the war withdrew Russia signed the treaty.
• international commissions which would regulate maritime traffic on the Danube
•Turkish control of the mouth of the Danube
•Renounce all claims to the Danubian territories of Moldavia and Wallachia (led to the establishment of Rumania)
•Agree to fortify the Aaland islands
•Renounce its claim as protector of the Greek Orthodox residents of the Ottoman Empire
•Return all occupied territories to the Ottomans -
The Sepoy Rebellion
broke out when a rumor spread among the sepoys (Indian soldiers who fought in the colonial army) that the British sealed their cartridges with beef and pork fat. As the sepoys felt this action endangered the afterlife of both Muslims and Hindus they rebelled. -
Willhelm I
Willhelm I came to power -
Willhelm I
Willhelm I came to power -
louis pasteur 1822-1895
dicovers bacteria -
Suez Canal Completed
British controlled canal allows for short transportation route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea -
Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
begins sterilising wounds -
Treaty of San Stephano
•Bulgaria was established as a state under Russian influence
•There was a transfer of certain territories to Russia
•The states of Serbia and Montenegro were expanded
•The autonomous state of Bosnia-Herzegovina was established under Russian control -
Treaty of Berlin
1.Restricted Russian expansion
2.Reaffirmed Turkey's independence
3.Maintained British control of the Mediterranean The specifics of this treaty included:
•Recognition of Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro as independent
•Established an independent Bulgaria
•The Austrians gained Bosnia and Herzegovina
•Cyprus was transferred to Great Britain -
science and medicine
Vaccination against Rabies -
the berlin conference
belgium is given control of the Congo region -
Sino- Japanese War
Revealed Japan's intention to become a major imperial power. Japan fought Russia over the territories of Korea and Manchuria -
The Fashoda
Standoff between British and French forces. War barely avoided as French stand down. Public opinion of both France and Britain demand war -
Boer War
Due to British expansion in South Africa, war erupts between the Boers and the British - British strongly criticize -
Boxer Rebellion
The Society of Harmonious Fists (Boxers) rose up against foreign exploitation in North China -
Russo-Japanese War
Japan expands its territory, encroaching on Russia control. Fight over Port Arthur -
2nd Morrocan Crisis
began when the French responded to Moroccan instability by occupying the country. The Germans considering their action as a violation of a previous agreement sent a gunboat to Agadir Harbor in Morocco resulting in the British to support the French. In the end Morocco became a French protectorate.