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To what extent have treaties and international agreements effect Europe?
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Peace of Westphalia, Treaty of Munster and Osnabruck
National Gallery The ratification of the Treaty of Munster 1648 by Gerard ter borch. The signing of the Treaty of Munster, which was part of the Peace of Westphalia. It not only ended the Thirty Years War, but it also ended the Eighty Years War. It shows 6 Dutch delegates behind the table in the centre, two Spanish delegates to the right, and a Franciscan monk on the right. -
US Declaration of Independence
The London Gazette 1776 'I am informed that the Continental Congress have declared the United olonies free and independent states'. This tells the English people that not only had Britain lost one of its colonies, but it also educated the people of Europe on secessionist movements. (Flemish independence movement). An extract from a letter by General Howe. (Extract of interest is in the last paragraph in right column). -
Ratification of Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase Map 1805 This map, highlights the enormous area which the Louisiana territory covered. The Louisiana Purchase is known as the largest land purchase in history, and was sold by France for the reasonable sum of 60 million Francs, and this provided Napoleon with enough funds to build up an army/ navy to confront the British. This changed military hegemony in Europe. -
Treaty of London
The Treaty of London 1839 This extract of the Treaty of London states Belgian neutrality and sovereigtny. The question about Belgian neutrality was especially important as this Treaty can be seen as one of the main reasons for Great Britain entering WWI, as Britain was responsible for protecting Belgian neutrality and sovereignty. Thus, when Germany invaded Belgium in 1914,Britian was obliged to intervene. -
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Treaty of Brest Litovsk cartoon link. The cartoon highlights Russia's losses due to the Treaty of Brest Litovsk, and how Germany are seen to be 'carving' Russia up. The cartoon shows Russia being butchered, and many of its lands being handed to the weak looking Ottoman Empire as a result of the Treaty of Brest Litovsk. -
The Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles cartoon link. The Cartoon represents the harsh conditions placed on Germany at the end of WWI. They were economically 'strangled' by the reparation payments of $6,600 million. - We can see Germany being strangled whilst being forcibly fed medicine by the other great powers. France in the cartoon seems the most keen to feed the medicine, as Clemenceau believed Germany should suffer greatly
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