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Writing was invented in Mesopotamia, allowing for the creation of record keeping. Cuneiform was a writing system that utilized symbols to represent ideas or words. Not only was this important for the time, as it allowed for financial records and stories to be kept, but now serves as a source where we can learn about Mesopotamians. -
King Sargon the Great conquered many of the larger Mesopotamian cities. He singularly led a powerful military force. He used his military to conquer many of the cities, and then united them after the fact.
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The Old Kingdom of Egypt officially collapsed. There are many theories of what led to this collapse, but the main two being that they had no stable leadership. After previous leaders no longer led, Egypt experienced bouts of instability. Along with this, doughts did not help them. Many aspects of Egypt were struggling during this time.
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Led by Abraham, the Hebrews left Mesopotamia in search of better. This is supported by the Hebrew bible, but not archaeological history. Archeological history enforces the idea that the Hebrews were likely in consistent contact with the Mesopotamians, but did not live with them.
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Hammurabi's Laws are introduced to society. This showed the development of government and organization of society.
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Hatshepsut was an Egyptian ruler. She was the first woman to rule. She was meant to stand in for her stepson, but quickly her rule became permanent. She was a beloved leader, and well liked by her citizens.
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The Phoenicians invented a phonetic language. This language was simpler and easier to understand. This made scribes less important, as most were literate. -
The New Kingdom of Egypt collapsed. This was due in part due to invasions from "Sea People" and in part due to the Bronze Age collapse. -
Statars (invented by the Lydians) were invented. This allowed for the bartering system to disappear and made taxation easier.
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Disliked by their citizens, the Assyrians were overthrown. The Babylonians led this successful rebellion.